ABSTRACT
The research focuses on prospects and challenges of Enugu State Waste Management Authority (ESWAMA). The objective of this study include; to identify the challenges encountered by ESWAMA in managing waste; to evaluate the waste disposal systems of ESWAMA; and to identify the prospects from waste management. Primary and secondary sources of data were used. The population of the study was 209, from which the sample size of 137 was determined using Taro Yamani’s formula. The research instruments used were questionnaire and interview. Chi- square was used to test the hypotheses. The findings from the study reveals that; poor management and insufficient waste disposal facilities are the challenges encountered by ESWAMA in managing waste in Enugu; hog feeding, open dumping, incineration, resources recovering, composition and phrolysis are the waste disposal systems of ESWAMA; environmental protection and preservation are the prospects from waste management. Based on the findings, the researcher recommends that; ESWAMA need to make every effort to safeguard the environment and reduce the hazardous effect which unhealthy environment can cause to individuals and society at large; abattoirs should be supervised by health sanitary inspectors; sensitization programs organized by the government through ESWAMA should be pronounced to reach the grass root in order to secure and preserve the environment; finally, the time for refuse collection should be change to night, this will prevent air pollution during the day.
CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Solid waste management in Nigeria and Enugu State is a fundamental issue that must be addressed in order to achieve success. The problem of solid waste management is the deficient of appropriate and adequate policies plain legislation, and an environmentally stimulated and enlightens the public. Government policies on the environment are piecemeal where they exist and poorly implemented. Public enlightenment programs lacked the needed coverage, intensity and continuity to correct a pathetic attitude towards the environment. Up to now, the activities of the environmental authorities have been hampered by poor funding, inadequate facilities and human resources, inappropriate technology and inequitable taxation system. Successful solid waste management in Nigeria requires a holistic program that will integrate all the technical, economical, social cultural and psychological factors that are often ignored in solid waste management exercise.
At this junction, management of solid and liquid waste in Enugu State through ensuring a clean and sustainable environment for the good health and well-being of people of the State, and to achieve this, commitment to the state is ensured.
According to the Standard English Dictionary, waste is that material which is useless; thrown away because it is not wanted”. Waste can also be described as a substance produced in our daily (consumption, recreational, production and living) activities, which is unwanted and no longer useful to man (Federal Ministry of Housing and Environment of Nigeria Monograph series No 2, (1983). The substance must be handled and disposed of with care, so that it does not constitute danger to public health. Waste however could be said to relative especially in the manufacturing and production sector.
In this sector, what is regarded as waste by certain groups may become premium raw material to another group? There is therefore a clear need for the current approach of waste disposal that is focused on municipalities and uses high energy/high technology
to move towards waste processing and waste recycling (this involves public-private partnerships, aiming for eventual waste minimization and prevention of the harmful effect of waste on man and the environment). The system of waste salvaging, reclamation or recycling though objectionable and often economically unsound, is fast gaining ground (Eze DM1995).
Environmental sanitation is perhaps the most obvious element in environmental management but is certainly not the most important. Its significance lies in it’s effectiveness in raising and maintaining an environment, healthy and hygienic for the needs and standards of the present (Sada and Odenmerho 1989). Solid waste generation and its management has become a major issue in urban areas especially Enugu because of increasing gap between the prolific level of generation and the limited technology and capacity of evacuation. Mark Holies in (Satellite Newspaper of September 5, 1991) states that “a clean environment is considered important by many Nigerians and this is the pillar for governments’ primary program on the need to achieve health for all by the year 2000 together with the world health. There are still lapses here and there. The objective gave rise to the need for environmental sanitation and its importance to human existence as illness is no respecter of persons”.
The need for a healthful environment is common to all peoples, it cuts across boundaries of occupation, class and politics, it differs from neighborhood and from region to region; it differs not only in fundamental but in complexity. Apparently, some of those environmental problems could be solved by providing a standard refuse disposal and drainage method.
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
In Enugu and many urban and rural centers in Nigeria, the management and procedure of waste disposal have been ineffective. Hence wastes are often indiscriminately dumped in open plots of land and particularly along roads and streets. Some affected streets may be impassable for several weeks or months as a consequence. The whole people living around the area can hardly stay comfortably in their houses. All the people in the area are exposed to and may be affected by any type of disease the mess might cause. Those living very close are the most affected and most vulnerable to these disease such as cholera, typhoid, malaria, etc. Thus, the study focuses on the prospects and challenges of Enugu State waste Management Authority.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The specific objectives of the study include the following:
1. To identify the challenges encountered by ESWAMA in managing waste in
Enugu.
2. To evaluate the waste disposal systems of ESWAMA
3. To identify the prospects from waste management.
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
The study poses the following research questions:
What are the challenges encountered by ESWAMA in Managing waste in
Enugu?
What are the waste disposal systems of ESWAMA?
What are the prospects from waste Management?
1.5 RESEARCH HYPOTHESES
For the purpose of the study, the following research hypotheses were formulated.
| 1. | Ho: | Poor management and insufficient waste disposal facilities are not challenges encountered by ESWAMA in managing waste in Enugu. |
| Hi: | Poor management and insufficient waste disposal facilities are the challenges encountered by ESWAMA in managing waste in Enugu. | |
| 2. | Ho: | Hog feeding, open dumping, incineration, resources recovering, composition, and phrolysis are not the disposal systems of ESWAMA. |
| Hi: | Hog feeding, open dumping, incineration, resources recovering, composition, and phrolysis are the disposal systems of ESWAMA. | |
| 3. | Ho: | Environmental protection and preservation are not the prospects from waste management. |
| Hi: | Environmental protection and preservation are the prospects from | |
| waste management. |
1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The research focuses on the challenges encountered by Enugu State Waste Management Authority (ESWAMA) in managing waste in Enugu, waste disposal system of ESWAMA and prospects from waste management.
1.7 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
The major constraints of the study include the following;
Time Constraint:
Due to limited time given for the study, the researcher could not get all the information needed for the study.
Financial Constraint:
The researcher has not got enough money to embark on the study. Due to financial hurdles, the researcher could not visit places where information relevant to the study could be obtained.
Attitude of the Respondents:
Some of the respondents showed negative attitude towards the study because they felt that they have no financial gain from the study.
1.7 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The study is significant in a number of ways:
It will help organizations to know about waste disposal systems for healthy environment.
It will assist future students to read and know much about waste, and how the waste should be put into use.
It will also serve as a reference base for future researchers in the field of environmental management as well as business and management.
1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS Sewage
Waste substances that are produced by human body, that are carried away from houses and factories through special pipes.
Solid Waste
Solid waste is classified into garbage and rubbish. Garbage is putrefied waste fond such as meat, fish, fruits, vegetables, etc. While rubbish is non-perishable waste that is either combustible such as paper, carton, wood, clothes, polythene, iron, glasses ceramics etc.
Gaseous Waste
These are waste generated from the house holds domestics activities and industrial site which are gaseous in nature. Gaseous wastes include the following: sulphide (s), carbon dioxide (ion) carbon moxide to mention but a few.
Hazardous Waste
There are many by- product that can fit into hazardous waste. Therefore, they can be classified as (a) Radioactive substances, (b) chemical (c) biological (d) flammable and explosives
This material content is developed to serve as a GUIDE for students to conduct academic research
THE PROSPECTS AND CHALLENGES OF ENUGU STATE WASTE MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY (ESWAMA)
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