USING THE OLYMPICS CORE VALUES IN MITIGATING GENDER BASED VIOLENCE (GBV) AMONG FEMALE ATHLETES OF UNIVERSITY OF BENIN, BENIN-CITY NUGA CONTINGENTS

Abstract

This study was on using the Olympics core values in mitigating gender based violence among female athletes of university of Benin, Benin city Nuga contingents. Three objectives were raised which included: To find out why male athlete always harass female athletes in University of Benin and to find out whether friendship in sport mitigate gender base violence among female athletes in University of Benin. The total population for the study is 75 athletes in University of Benin. The researcher used questionnaires as the instrument for the data collection. Descriptive Survey research design was adopted for this study. The data collected were presented in tables and analyzed using simple percentages and frequencies

Chapter one

Introduction

1.1Background of the study

Conducting a baseline study on gender-based Violence (GBV) in sport within Africa was the result of the expressed needs of key sport leaders representing the 10 different countries of the region. In 2012 The Norwegian Olympic and Paralympic Committee and Confederation of Sport (NIF), together with the African Union Sports Council Region 5 (AU Region 5), established a Gender Advisory Group tasked to develop an action plan addressing equity and inclusion (Fasting, 2014). The Group was created as part of the AU Region 5’s commitment to gender mainstreaming. They were chaired and facilitated by the secretariat of AU Region 5 and consisted of representatives from Nigeria (National Organization for Women in Sport Physical Activity and Recreation (NOWSPAR), the National Olympic Committee, the Association of National Olympic Committees of Africa (ANOCA).  The declaration noted with concern “the adverse effects of gender-based Violence (GBV) in sports and the risks it poses to women in sport

Gender-based violence refers to violence that targets individuals or groups on the basis of their gender. This includes acts that inflict physical, mental or sexual harm or suffering, the threat of such acts, coercion, and other deprivations of liberty. Abuse and harassment are examples of gender-based violence. In the Nigeria Antigender-violence act, 2011 abuse means “conduct that harms or is likely to cause harm to the safety, health or wellbeing of a person and harassment means: engaging in a pattern of conduct that induces in a person the fear of imminent harm or feelings of annoyance and aggravation, including: (a) sexual contact without the consent of the person with whom the contact is made and making unwanted sexual advances; (b) following, pursuing or accosting a person or making persistent, unwelcome communication with a person (T., Vandevivere, 2014)

There are few studies on gender-based violence in sport in Africa. Of the studies done, it is difficult or impossible to compare them because of the different measurements. looked at perpetrators of gender harassment, unwanted sexual attention (sexual harassment) and sexual coercion (sexual abuse) experienced by athletes in southern Nigerian universities. It found that for all three forms of violence, the largest group among the perpetrators was other athletes, followed by coaches. The other studies are concerned with prevalence of experiences, and all except the study from South Africa, surveyed female athletes. The article from South Africa explored the perceptions and the occurrence of sexual harassment among male student athletes with male coaches from an inner city university in Johannesburg. Based on this background the research wants to investigate using the Olympics core values in mitigating gender based violence among female athletes of university of Benin, Benin city Nuga contingents

Statement of problem

The results revealed that one in five reported unwanted sexual behavior, while two out of five reported unacceptable behavior with a sexual undertone. The study in Zimbabwe from 2006 was carried out for the Zimbabwe Olympic Committee and 360 female athletes from four different geographical areas participated. The experiences of violence were very high: 92% had experienced moderate forms of sexual harassment, 84% severe forms, and 50% had experienced sexual abuse. The major perpetrators in the were the spectators. Similar to these African studies, studies in Europe, Australia and North America have shown that sexual harassment and abuse occur in sport. However, due to the different samples and measurements we cannot compare the prevalence rate from country to country. The perceptions and the occurrence of sexual harassment among male student athletes with male coaches is alarming. Based on this the study wants to investigate using the Olympics core values in mitigating gender based violence among female athletes of university of Benin, Benin city Nuga contingents

Objective of the study

The objective of the study are;

1. To find out why male athlete always harass female athletes in University of Benin
2. To find out whether friendship in sport mitigate gender base violence among female athletes in University of Benin

Research question

The following research hypotheses were formulated

1. why does male athlete always harass female athletes in University of Benin?
2. Is friendship in sport mitigate gender base violence among female athletes in University of Benin?

Research hypotheses

The statement of the hypothesis for the study is stated in Null as follows

H1: male do not athlete always harasses female athletes in University of Benin.

H2:  friendship in sport is not mitigating gender base violence among female athletes in University of Benin.

Significance of the study

The study will be very significant to students and ministry of sport in Nigeria. The study will give a clear insight on the using the Olympics core values in mitigating gender based violence in university of Benin. The study education coaches, male athletes etc violence they are causing in sport. The study will also serve as a reference to other researcher that will embark on the related topic

Scope and limitation of the study

The scope of the study covers using the Olympics core values in mitigating gender based violence in university of Benin. The study will be limited athletes in the university of Benin

This study is limited to the following ways;

• TIME CONSTRAINT: The period within which the study is conducted is short for through research study; hence, gathering adequate information becomes very difficult.
• FINANCE: This is one of the limitations to the scope of this study as the researcher is facing financial constraint to meet all the needed educational requirements including this research work. This caused the researcher to restrict her research work to one organization for possible study.
• LACK OF MATERIALS: Lack of materials to topic is also another limitation to this research work, hence the researcher resolved to seek friendly approach in order to obtain the needed materials or information from the establishment under this study through the administration of questionnaire and oral interview

 Definition of terms

Olympic core value: The three values of Olympism are excellence, respect and friendship. They constitute the foundation on which the Olympic Movement builds its activities to promote sport, culture and education with a view to building a better world.

Mitigate: make (something bad) less severe, serious, or painful.

Gender based violence: Gender-based violence (GBV) is violence that is directed at an individual based on his or her biological sex OR gender identity. It includes physical, sexual, verbal, emotional, and psychological abuse, threats, coercion, and economic or educational deprivation, whether occurring in public or private life.

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