THE TEXT AND TEXTNESS

Abstract

This study was on  the text and textness: a cohesive analysis of psalms. The objectives of the study are: to  determine the lexical structure of the Psalm 119, to analyze the cohesive devices used in the Psalm 119 and evaluate the text cohesion of Psalms 119. The main problem identified in cohesive analysis were discovered and other issues whose propelled the resemble to embark on this project were fully discovered under the statement of problem. In the Bible the word precept is used seldom, except in the plural form, in which it occurs 21 times in Psalm 119. Here the Psalmist alternates among a variety of words: “testimonies occured 41 times,” “commandments 21 times,” “statutes 22 times,” “law 25times,” “judgments 16 times,” “precepts,” all of which are more or less equivalent terms for Divine ordinances or decrees, God’s exalted rule of conduct for His children. Psalm 119 is widely recognized as a Hebrew poem, richly styled, written to show the highest reverence and honor to God and His law, and this fact may account for the varied terminology

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background to the study

Language is a vehicle that transports thought, feelings, emotions or ideas from one entity to another for the purpose of communication, this can be in form of oral, written, sign or body language and must be acceptable by members of a speech community. This definition of language by Okata (2016), elucidates both the interactive, physical and cognitive dimensions of language as it navigates the entire existence of man. This paper sets to explore how the use of language in context and the proper sequencing notched the flow of communication.

The main function of language is to convey information

The main function of language is a communication for to convey information

It ​​has much wider functions are as follows:

For practical purposes: establishing relations in daily life.

For artistic purposes: human process and use language as beautiful-beautifully to the satisfaction of human aesthetic taste.

As the key is to learn other knowledge-

Learn manuscripts to investigate the background of human history for culture and customs.

Language as a means of communication: It serves as a means of communication between members of the public. The function is used in a variety of environments, levels and interests are diverse, for example: scientific communication, business communication, workplace communication, and social communication, and cultural communication.

Language as a means adaptation:

It is the means of adaptation, and people can express their views together. For example: the reliability of the work in an institution, the integrity of the employees in a department, family honor, the integrity of cooperation in the field of business, the integrity of the nation and state.

You Must Know  Secret Behind The Functions Of Language

Language as a means of social control

language is a social control so that people involved in the communication can understand each other. Every gestures and symbols indicates the direction of communication in society. This control language can be realized in the form: rules, statutes, laws – laws and others – others.

Language as a means to understand oneself

In building the character of a person, he should be able to understand his weakness, strength, talent, intelligence, intellectual ability, willingness and so forth. A person can know himself and other if he understands himself. By understanding of him, someone will be able to build character learn positive image to create new vision.

Language as a means to understand the other person for effectiveness of communication, one needs to understand another person, such as in understanding him. With the understanding of a person use of language, he can recognize various things include the condition of his own: the potential biological, intellectual, emotional, intelligence, character, paradigms, the underlying thought, motivate the development itself, and others  others.

Language as a means of observing the environment around

language is a tool to observe the problem and give real life solutions. For example what is the background for observation, how solving the problem, identify the object being observed, explain how (method) to observe, what the purpose of observing how the observations, and what conclusions.

The book of Psalms is an intricately designed collection of poetry that recounts Israel’s history and God’s covenant promises. The book of Psalms is an intricately designed collection of poetry that recounts Israel’s history and God’s covenant promises.

1.2 Statement of the problem

There are several studies on Christian religious discourse or studies from the linguistic point of view, although some of these studies are focused on sermons. For example, Marcus (2002) stated that majority of the literature that discusses the things that are biblical related focuses more on the preaching the sermon but not the analysis of the text and textness. However, there has not really been much of such studies on the book of psalms especially from the point of view on cohesion and coherence, hence it is on this premise that the present study seeks to explore psalm 119 by examining the textness (what makes a text a text) and what it is distinguishes a text from a disconnected sequence of sentence

1.3 Aim and objectives

The main aim of this study is to examine text and textness; using the cohesive analysis of Psalm 119.

1.4 Objectives

1. Determine the lexical structure of the Psalm 119.
2. Analyze the cohesive devices used in the Psalm 119.
3. Evaluate the text cohesion of Psalms 119.

1.5 Research questions

1. What is the lexical structure of the Psalm 119?
2. What are the cohesive devices used in the Psalm 119?
3. How cohesive is the text of Psalms 119?

1.6 Significance of the study

This study will be of significance in the following ways, it will be of relevance to the language field on how the cohesive devices on texts can be effectively analyzed, the study will also be of Importance on defining the lexical characteristics and structure of the text under review (Psalm 119), the study will also be of significance to  the academia by adopting the cohesive structures and textness papproach of the text under review (Psalm 119) can be adopted for other text write up.

1.7 Scope of the study

This study focuses on text and textness; using the cohesive analysis of Psalm 119. The lexical structure of the text used in this study the (Psalm 119) will be thoroughly examined and reviewed for specific cohesive device. The specific cohesive tools used in the text are discussed and its relevance is linked to the study under review.

1.8 Definition of terms

Cohesion

Cohesion refers to the specific ways in which writers guide readers through a piece of writing. Cohesion techniques include choosing certain words and constructing sentences that stick together.

Cohesive devices

Cohesive Devices are words or phrases that show the relationship between paragraphs or sections of a text or speech.

Text

Text” refers to a written or typed document. In terms of a rhetorical situation, however, “text” means any form of communication that humans create.

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