Abstract
The impact of terrorism on Nigeria’s development was the subject of this study, which focused on Borno North Senatorial District from 2010 to 2020. The following three goals were set forth: to ascertain the impact of terrorism on the stability of Borno North Senatorial District, to ascertain the impact of terrorism on the district’s economy, and to ascertain the influence of terrorism on Nigeria’s development. The recruited participants provided a total of 77 responses, all of which were validated and came from randomly chosen citizens of Borno North senatorial district. The statistical technique Chi-Square was used to test the hypothesis (SPSS).
Chapter one
Introduction
1.1Background of the study
One of the main areas of emphasis in the internal and exterior development of states’ affairs is security (Marc, Mogaka, & Verjee, 2015; Rogers, 2011). Therefore, in order to establish a safe environment for everyone, policy makers are implementing a variety of procedures at the national and international levels to address concerns of insecurity. However, there have also been changes within states, as evidenced by the threats and assaults from various groups of people. These incidents have greatly influenced the stability and security of their immediate surroundings and surrounding regions. Borno State has not had genuine peace in more than 20 years, and because of the persistent unrest and insecurity, it has not been able to reach its full potential. These scenarios have come to pass in Borno and its surrounding states of Nigeria in recent years as a result of the rebellion and expansion of Boko Haram’s activities in the nation’s northeast (Adesoji, 2010; Adibe, 2012; Ahmed-Gamgum, 2018; Alao & Atere, 2012; Imo, 2017).
The aggression committed by Boko Haram has included repeated attacks, killings of people, willful destruction of property, population displacements, and other acts of savagery. Between 2008 and 2015, when Boko Haram operated freely in the country’s northeast axis, killing thousands of people and damaging property worth millions of dollars, these terrorist actions were most severe (Oyeleye 2016). The Northeast of Nigeria, which is the core of Boko Haram activity, is the most hazardous region in the nation, according to Akinbi (2015), who claims that the sect’s actions, particularly since 2009, have posed a serious security threat to the country. Because of the Boko Haram insurgency, [insert term here] has classified Nigeria as a significant global hub of crime, bloodshed, and terrorism (Oyeleye 2016). According to a December 11, 2014, British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) report, jihadist violence claimed the lives of more than 5,000 people worldwide in November. Nigeria shared the unfortunate distinction of being one of the four nations—along with Iraq, Afghanistan, and Syria—that accounted for 80% of all fatalities from terrorist attacks. The research ranked Nigeria as the second deadliest country, with Boko Haram held responsible for the killings there, despite Iraq being the country with the most deaths and attacks, accounting for a third of all fatalities (Oyeleye 2016). The information was gleaned through a study that the BBC and the Kings College London-based International Centre for the Study of Radicalization (ICSR) jointly performed. The study counted 664 attacks in total across 14 nations (Oyeleye 2016). The BBC/ICSR study supported an NBC article referenced by Ibilema (2014), which stated that between November 2013 and November 2014, the number of casualties from the violence committed by the Islamic State in Iraq and Boko Haram in Nigeria were roughly equal: 10,733 and 10,340, respectively.
The majority of countries with high to severe risk were found in Sub-Saharan Africa, according to the AON Terrorism and Political Violence Risk Map for 2015. (Imo, 2017). Only two nations, Nigeria and Somalia, were the scene of about 80% of all terrorist incidents in 2015. (Imo, 2017). Importantly, Willis and Al-Shahery (2016) pointed out that just one nation in this cluster—Nigeria—figures among the top 10 nations in the world with the highest rates of terrorism. Between 2007 and 2014, 30% of all terrorist acts worldwide took place in Iraq, followed by 15% in Pakistan, 11% in Afghanistan, 7% in India, 4% each in Thailand and Russia, 3% in Somalia, 2% in Nigeria, Yemen, and Colombia, and 22% in all other nations (Imo, 2017). This indicates that only 10 of the 158 sovereign nations represented in the world between 2007 and 2014 accounted for 78% of all terrorist incidents (Willis & Al-Shahery 2016). Between 2016 and mid-2018, the Nigerian military improved its reaction to Boko Haram attacks and compelled a considerable decrease in atrocities (Ali, Musa, & Fada, 2016); however, in late 2018, additional strikes by Boko Haram terrorists reversed the situation, giving the terrorists the upper hand (Imo, 2017).
Numerous studies on the Boko Haram insurgency and its impacts on various facets of Nigeria’s national life have been conducted (Ali, Musa, & Fada, 2016). Only two studies, however, have been done specifically on Boko Haram’s effects on the people of Borno State. One study examined how the Boko Haram insurgency will affect small and medium-sized businesses in Borno State, while the other examined how the insurgency would affect physical and socioeconomic activities in Maiduguri (Mbaya et al 2017). These studies were limited in scope and did not address the entire spectrum of consequences of Boko Haram operations on the people living in Borno North senatorial district. I conducted this study to examine the impact of terrorism on Nigeria development. A case Borno North Senatorial District 2010-2020
Statement of the problem
Attacks by Boko Haram have been particularly severe in Borno State, which has been the most hazardous place to live in Nigeria since 2011, when it lost all semblance of stability. In Borno State, Boko Haram carried out numerous devastating attacks, including the release of four female suicide bombers on Maiduguri, the state capital, on January 17, 2018, which resulted in explosions that killed the four bombers and 10 others while injuring 65 people (Amuka, 2018); the kidnapping of about 40 young adults, women, and children and the killing of 18 in Banki town in September 2017 are just a few examples of Boko Haram’s atrocities. Other examples include the bombing of Maiduguri’s outskirts on April 26, 2018, the capture of Gundumbali town on September 8, 2018, and the killing of at least four civilians and the kidnapping of at least four others in September 2018.
The UN Office for Coordination of Human Affairs expressed concern that Boko Haram fighters’ “escalating attacks by non-state armed groups suspected to be Boko Haram terrorists were triggering new displacements in northeastern Nigeria, especially Borno State, with more than 2,000 newly displaced people recently arriving in Teacher’s Village” due to their continued fierce attacks on various locations in the north-east of Nigeria, particularly several parts of Borno State (Silas, 2018). According to a different account, the most recent Boko Haram attacks caused a significant influx of over 30, 000 internally displaced people into Maiduguri (Silas, 2019). The resurgence of Boko Haram’s vicious attacks since late 2018 created a deteriorating security situation in Borno State and posed serious threat to efforts to reignite the state’s socio-economic development and political stability. I think the reported split in the Boko Haram hierarchy and the ongoing struggle for dominance between the two newly-emerged factions—the main group led by Shekau and the faction known as The Islamic State in West African Province (ISWAP), which is affiliated with ISIS and is led by Abu Mua’ab Albarnawi—are to blame for the resurgence of Boko Haram activities in Borno state. The struggle for dominance had sparked a rise in terrorist attacks, particularly in Borno State and other regions in the Northeast. The Boko Haram terror group’s destructive actions have spread more widely as a direct result of the split and struggle for supremacy, posing a new threat to the Nigerian military.
Objective of the study
The objectives of the study are;
- the effect of terrorism on the peace of Borno North Senatorial District
Research Hypotheses
The following research hypotheses are formulated;
H1: there is no effect of Boko haram on the peace of Borno North Senatorial District
H2: there is no effect of Boko Haram on economy of Borno North senatorial District
Significance of the study
The study will be very significant to students, people of Borno state especially Borno North senatorial District and the government of Nigeria. The study will give a clear insight on the impact of terrorism on Nigeria development. A case study of Boko haram in Borno North senatorial District. The study will also serve as a reference to other researcher that will embark on the related topic
Scope of the study
The scope of the study covers The Impact of Terrorism on Nigeria Development: A case study of Borno North Senatorial District 2010-2020
Limitation of the study
Finance: Due to the economic difficulty that the people, including the researcher, was experiencing, the prospect of a greater sample size, which would have enabled the study to reach a larger region, has become impossible; thus, this work is limited to Arise Television and Channels Television in Lagos State.
Time: It was not surprising that the researcher was limited by time frame as it posed a direct challenge to the effective coverage intended in the course of this report. It is the intention of the researcher to interview all the employees of the selected television channels but because of numerous activities of the researcher which borders on both academics, work schedules and other social activities it became relatively impossible to cover all but selected few respondents who are journalist in Arise and channels Television.
Attitude of respondents: The majority of reporters fail to collect the questionnaires, and some who do collect pay urgent attention required in filling and returning it, and others did not return theirs at all. Others were less accommodating and may have provided untrustworthy information because they were afraid of being exposed, despite the researcher’s promise that all information would be treated with the utmost secrecy and only for education purpose.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Terrorism: Terrorism is the unlawful use of force or violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government or its citizens to further certain political or social objectives. Law enforcement generally recognizes two types of terrorism: domestic and international
Development: Development is a process that creates growth, progress, positive change or the addition of physical, economic, environmental, social and demographic components.
This material content is developed to serve as a GUIDE for students to conduct academic research
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