ABSTRACT
This research work examines human resources development and utilization in Nigeria. The study revealed that there are some many factors which pose challenges to human resource development and utilization. These factors included lack of finance, lack of adequate facilities and unfavourable environmental forces. After a careful analysis and synthesis of data(s) from a total of 120 (one hundred and twenty) personnel officers drawn from six selected commercial Banks in Port-Harcourt which was the frame of reference, it was discovered from the data(s) that lack of finance, lack of adequate facilities and unfavourable environmental forces among others are challenges militating against the actualization of human resources development and utilization in Nigerian organizations. Based on the findings of the study, it was concluded that lack of finance, lack of facilities and unfavourable environmental forces are the factors that pose challenges to human resources development and utilization in Nigeria. The work therefore, recommends that organizations should see human resources expenditure as a strategic investment and also recommends and solicits that government should assist organizations by providing the necessary facilities needed for human resources development.
CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION
1.10 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Of all the resources of any organization, the human factor is the most valuable. This is because all other factors are meaningless without human beings. As Nwachukwu (2000:20) rightly specified, it is the human factor that gives meaning to other organizational resources. Individuals in an organization have personal goals, while the organization also has specified goals and objectives. While the individual strives to maximize his benefits, the organization equally strives to make the best utilization of that same individual towards the accomplishment of set objectives. The extent to which an individual worker is complaint with job requirement determines how well he will achieve his desired personal needs. It will also determine how well the organization will utilize him for the accomplishment of it’s goals.
The human resources manager, therefore, entails to design appropriate mechanisms to develop and utilize the available human resources effectively. Recruitment in modern time
does not stop when employees are hired, but continues till they are disengaged. So while an employee is within the service of an organization, it becomes the duty of the human resources manager to continuously develop him. Human development is all about equipping the human resources of an organization with the knowledge expectations of their jobs. The kind of development needed here is the one that is in constraint with organizational objectives. The principle of human resources development and utilization; as specified by Synder et al (1980:43) is that “the more human resources development and utilization are integrated with the management process and enterprises objectives, the more effective they will be”. Leaning weight to the above assertion, Pati and Morrison (1982:152) suggests that in a fast changing and competitive environment, employees cannot stop learning. The human resources manager has to update their job knowledge continuously re-evaluate their attitudes and improve their job skills and performance to achieve enterprise results.
In the course of developing and utilizing the available human resources, the human resources manager utilizes all
the resources within his reach to accomplish this task. Many organizations today have not been able to actualize their set objectives because of the human resources. This exercise is not an easy task, but one that should be well articulated with sound management commitment.
There have been scholarly papers and studies on human resources management, but little or none has been done on identifying the specific challenges of developing and utilizing human resources management. This has left a serious vacuum in the literature of human resources management. It is this vacuum that necessitated this study.
1.11 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
The dynamic nature of business environment, especially in the Banking sector, makes it of utmost necessity to develop and utilize the human resources effectively. Today human resources managers must therefore, strive to the challenges of updating the knowledge of their employees to meet any variation from other job contexts (structure, technology, task).
Unfortunately, in spite of the attempts and efforts of human resources managers to develop and utilize effectively the human resources, obsolescence is still a factor at the job place. This is a clear indication that there are salient variables militating against the effective development and utilization of human resources.
The issue of available finance in an organization is one factor that influences most organizational activities. The amount of finance available in an organization determines the scope of their operation. But there is still need to find out if finance has any bearing on the development and utilization of human resources in an organization.
Secondly, infrastructural facilities that correlate well with organizational activities have not been subjected to empirical analysis to examine it’s relationship with human resources development and utilization.
Thirdly, there has not been knowledge of the relationship between environmental forces and human resources development and utilization. Businesses do not operate in a
vacuum; they operate interconnected with internal and external environmental forces.
1.12 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
This study is designed
(1) To discover whether any significant relationship exist between lack of adequate finance and the development and utilization of human resources in an organization
(2) To find out if lack of facilities is one of the challenges of human resources development and utilization in an organization.
(3) To examine whether any relationship exist between environmental forces and human resources development and utilization.
1.13 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
This study provides answers to the following questions.
(1) Is lack of finance a challenge of human resources development and utilization in Nigeria?
(2) Is there any significant relationship between lack of facilities and the poor development and utilization of human resources in Nigeria?
(3) Is there any significant relationship between unfavourable environment forces and the poor development and utilization of human resources in Nigeria?
1.14 HYPOTHESES
The following hypotheses will be tested in order to validate the research.
(1) Ho: Lack of finance is not a challenge to human resources development and utilization in Nigeria.
Hi: Lack of finance is a challenge to human resources development and utilization in Nigeria.
(2) Ho: There is no significant relationship between lack
of facilities and poor development and utilization of human resources in Nigeria.
Ho: There is significant relationship between lack of facilities and poor development and utilization of human resources in Nigeria.
(3) Ho: There is no significant relationship between unfavourable environmental forces and poor development and utilization of human resources in Nigeria.
Hi: There is a significant relationship between unfavourable environmental forces and poor development and utilization of human resources in Nigeria.
1.15 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The significance of a research, according to Baridam (1990:195) should provide a justification for conducting the study. According to Onwumere (2009:78) the significance of the study “should show why the research is important because it is going to provide solution to the problem and contribute to the body of knowledge in the particular areas of investigation”. Therefore, the research study is intended to serve as basis for futures work on this topic or related topic. The result of this study will be of immense benefit to both individual worker and the organization, especially in the Banking sector. This is because the human resources manager will be able to identify these factors that militate against the effective development and utilization of human resources. It is only when this feat is achieved that goal congruency can be attained, similarly, the government and the entire public will benefit from this study, this is because
when goal congruency is attained in organizations, it reflects on the entire economy. This means addition to the concept of sustainable growth and development of a Nation.
1.16 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The study covers the challenges of human resources development and utilization in Nigerian organization. The scope of the study covered some selected banks in Port- Harcourt metropolis. However in order to have a proper focus the research was then limited to six selected banks in the Port-Harcourt metropolis.
The central focus of the study being to ascertain how lack of finance lack of facilities and environmental forces affect human resources development and utilization in Nigeria, its adequacy and challenges and how to improve on the present state of affairs.
1.17 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
This study is conducted in Port-Harcourt metropolis of River State with commercial Banks as the frame of reference. In the course of conducting this study, the researcher encountered some difficulties. The first was lack of adequate
fund for the study, the second was lack of adequate time frame for a comprehensive study.
Finally, it took the researcher extra effort to convince the respondents into completing the questionnaire. However, the researcher was able to overcome these challenges and completed the study.
1.18 DEFINITION OF TERMS
The following terms are defined as they were used in the context of the study.
Human Capital: Is the value of knowledge, skills and capabilities of people that have tremendous impact on an organizations performance.
Human Resources: The energy, skills and knowledge of people which are or which potentially can or should be applied to the production of goods and services.
Human Resources Development: The process of positively improving the quality of manpower in an organization through training and re-training until they attain perfection in whatever they do.
Human Resources Management: All activities involved in the effective utilization of people to achieve both the objectives of the organization and the satisfaction and development of employees.
Human Resources Manager: An officer charged with the responsibility of sourcing and making proper utilization of manpower needs of an organization.
Human Resources Obsolesce: A State in which the available manpower of an organization no longer conform to the requirements of the duties.
This material content is developed to serve as a GUIDE for students to conduct academic research
THE CHALLENGES OF HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT AND UTILIZATION IN NIGERIA ORGANIZATIONS A STUDY OF SOME SELECTED BANKS IN PORTHARCOURT RIVERS STATE
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