PERCEPTION OF FAMILY PLANNING MEDIA CAMPAIGN AMONG WOMEN  IN OSUN STATE

CHAPTER ONE

1. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

In a developing country like Nigeria, over population is a major concern and the main reason is that our resources are no longer enough to cater for the citizens, hence the increased poverty. Despite the progress recorded from making contraception widely available, there is poor acceptance of contraceptive methods either due to ignorance or fear of complications or side effects using them. Inadequate knowledge about contraception and its methods, incomplete or erroneous information about their use or where they procure them and the attitudes of the health care providers at the clinics are the main reasons for not accepting family planning. There is a trade-off between safety and efficiency of contraceptives in practice. The decisions about family planning are made by people themselves based on accurate and choosing from a range of contraceptive options. Family planning can be used by people who make informed choice. Providers and their programs have the responsibility to help people make informed family planning choices. Approximately 60% of all pregnancies are unplanned and knowledge about the various methods of contraception preventingunwanted pregnancy is directly related to education and knowledge about the various methods of contraception . According to Rozina family planning is now recognized as a basic human right and it must be seen as part of preventive health. Despite all endeavours to reduce the number of birth through family planning in Nigeria, there are a lot of problems still emanating. Considering the population of Nigeria which was estimated at 100 million in the year 2000 and with a growth rate of over three percent; it was projected that there might be 150 million heads swinging around in the country by the year 2010. This has come to pass. Also, Nigerian’s report on the implementation of the Beijing platform for action and common wealth plan of action by the Federal Ministry of Women Affairs (2004) cited in Olakojo, estimates that Nigeria’s population was about 120 million and an annual growth rate of 2.8% spread over 350 ethnic groups and two major religions, Islam and Christianity. It is, however, projected that there may be as many as 174 million heads in the country by the year 2020 and the repercussion of such a growth rate in the nation’s economic development and social services call for great concern (Federal Ministry of Women Affairs, 2004). Dixon-mullen cited in Olakojo,  states that African from time of their ancestors is known to bear many children. It was believed that having many children was a pride and a way of boosting one’s ego. Providing enough labour and increasing the productivity on the farms. Fajobi cited in Olakojo, discovers that another major problem hindering modern family planning in Nigeria is illiteracy, he describes illiterates as the worst offenders of unplanned families. Majority of the married people in the rural areas of the six geo political zones are illiterates and they are ignorant of the importance and necessity of the modern family planning programme and alternatively, they rather prefer to ask their children to stay or live with other family members who are financially capable than themselves.

   Media (radio) can directly and indirectly produce positive changes or prevent negative changes in health related behaviours across large population and it also create awareness   to people on health issues behaviour.

Media(radio) as a source of information,  plays a vital role in educating the masses. However, when overly eager sources spread information without proper verification, not only can it be harmful but it can have unintended consequences on individual health behaviour.

Media(radio) became the platform for spreading prejudice information in creating awareness among people on . Under different unprecedented circumstances, the media (radio)has the potential to unite people and end discriminationby spreading awareness. It can also be an excellent resource for information verification. However, this can only be possible through the responsible use of media where proper checks and balances are in place. This way, it can help to create the awareness to the audience about health behaviour.The alarming rate at which the population of the world is increasing demands adequate and immediate attention. This is needed to curb problem of social, ecological, economic and general welfare problems of all individuals. As a matter of fact, the survival of the human race is endangered if population growth is not checked adequately. The types of family planning methods used in the old days include: abstinence, polygamy, celibacy, menstruation, douching, oral method, scarification, charms, spiritual power, local herbs in the vagina to stimulate contraction and dilation of the cervix. In the modern times, contraceptives used are: condoms, intrauterine devices (U.I.D) oral, sterilization, injectable, implant; sterilization, Diaphragm and safe period are also used in Nigeria.

1. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The relevance of family planning cannot be over emphasized since it is now recognized as a basic human right and seen as part of preventive health measures. Fortunately, majority of Nigerian married couples are aware of family planning, but very few of them make use of it for birth control. Different factors such as culture, low education, poverty and poor access among other multiple factors have been identified by scholars to influence against the use of family planning methods. For example, alleged that traditionally, most Nigerian cultures are highly patriarchal, value high fertility and male child preference.

Ademuwagun,Ajala,Oke,Moronkola and Jegede (2002) noted that positive health practices are encouraged to continue and are reinforced while negative ones are discouraged. Okoye and Okoye (2007) refer to modern family planning practice as a habitual way of applying modern contraceptives consistently. They further observed that practices may be influenced by knowledge, and attitude and health knowledge does not guarantee the right behaviour, knowing the right thing to do may lead to positive attitude and appropriate behaviour.  This perhaps could have a negative impact on the utilisation of family planning services. A study carried out by Isiugo-abanihe cited in Lasisi, Bassey, Ita, &Awoyemi on reproductive motivation and family size preferences among Nigerian men revealed that the characteristic male dominant and patrilineal traditions support large family sizes and that men’s reproductive motivation to a large extent, affect the reproductive behaviour of their wives. These cultural values undermine the utilisation of family planning in many communities in Nigeria like the traditional core areas of Enugu especially Abakpa Nike, where families still support large family sizes of more than four children per woman, and where polygamy is commonly practiced. Therefore this study sought to identify and examine the sources of  information about family planning ,determine the frequency of mass media exposure on family planning awareness among the female residents in Osogbo. A lot of research has been done on this subject in the past but heavily skewed to married women’s self-identified barriers on the use of family planning measures but sparse literature exist in Nigeria on the area of knowledge, attitude and practice of family planning among married couples.  These questions gave enough insight to the problem of this study which is to extent does the media  audience contribute to health issues and how well they receive and understands the information.

1. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The main objectives of this study is to examine the extent to which media campaign  has impacted on the perception of family planning among women and to determine how often the audience get family planning information and their level of understanding of family planning related issue in Osun state. This study is very crucial because it is channelled to discover the family planning related issues among women in Osogbo.

1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

This study is structured to cover family planning knowledge, attitude and practice among married couples and create awareness on the media exposure among women on perception of family planning media campaign among women in Osun state. This study intends to cover audience in Osun state especially from Osogbo.

1. RESEARCH QUESTIONS

1.How did the media audience perceive the media messages on family planning campaign?

2. What is the level of knowledge on  family planning exposure among the female residents in Osogbo?

3.What is the extent to which the audience are expose to media campaign messages on family planning?

1.6 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES

1. To  examine women’s media  exposure on family planning knowledge, attitude and practice among married couples.

2. To understand the effect of media campaign of family planning among women.

         REFRENCES  

Akin, A. (2007). “Emergence of Family Planning Programme in Turkey,” in Robinson W.C. and J.A. Ross (eds.) the Global Family Planning Revolution: Three Decades of Population Policies and Programmes. Washington: Green Press Initiative: 85-102.

Anyanwu, J. I., Ezegbe, B.N., &Eskay, M. (2015). Family planning in Nigeria: a myth or reality? Implications for education: Journal of Education and Practice, 4, (15):108-113Bell, S. (1992). “Birth Control,” in the Boston Women’s Health Book Collective: The New Our Bodies, Ourselves. New York: Touchstone.

Diaz, M. et al (1999). Informed choice in international family planning service delivery: strategies for the 21st century, New York: AVSC International:22

 Dixon-Mueller, R. (1993) “The Sexuality Connection in Reproductive Health,” in Studies in Family Planning, 24(5):269-282.

Donati S, Hamam R, Medda E. (2000). Family planning KAP survey in Gaza. SocSci Med; 50:841-849.

Ekhareafo, D.O. &Moyaki, M.G (2015). Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Family Planning Among Air Men in the Sam Ethnan Air Force Base, Ikeja, Lagos: An International Multidisciplinary Journal, Ethiopia, 9(1):183-198.

. Eko, J. E, Kalu, O. O.&Offiong, D.A (2013). Prevalence of contraceptive use among women of reproductive age in Calabar metropolis, southern Nigeria: International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention. 2(6):27-34. Gbolahan , A., Oni & James, M. (2015). Family Planning Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Males in llorin, Nigeria: International Family Planning Perspectives, 17(2):50-54.

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