ABSTRACT
Organizational Politics queues from the politics of daily experience as they desire to acquire power over others. Power itself is the ability to influence others to do something whether or not the follower likes it. In the organization, it takes many forms, but not with the bicker that follow political officers, but with the scheme that lend them to the quest to outwit the incumbent occupant of a post. In practice, it looks very virulent, and so unattractive. However, to the enterprise it gives room for competition which midwives innovation. Such atmosphere cannot be said to be antagonistic. So, to an outsider, organizational politics is a dirty game, but to the company, it has inherent advantages. In this research, we have used both primary and secondary data. It is an evaluative research design with in-depth analysis on the modus operandi of organizational politics in both industrial and services sectors. Some of the recommendations are: Activities of employees should be made to contribute to goals harmonizing divergent views; management should not see organizational politics as threats to continuity of the business, but should do everything to address the complaints of employees; there should be laid down steps to employee’s discipline, and not based on sentiments. Grapevine should not be discarded but harmonized for effectiveness; organizational structure should be made to contribute positively to organizational politics. In conclusion/findings, we adduce that since organizational politics is not entirely condemned, it should be channeled to such productive ends such that the organization stands to gain from its practice at any time.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Politics seeks to govern a group of people with rules or regulations. It is the whole system directed at acquiring power to rules. This process of acquiring power is affected by a combination of many processes: democracy, autocracy, military, nepotism, plutocracy, and aristocracy, anarchy.
Organizational politics earns from the general knowledge of political culture in the outside society. It includes all that employee does to rise from one step to another that effect promotions and all the policies guiding employee rewards and discipline right from the day he is recruited to the day he leaves the organization.
According to Robbins (1990:64), it is a continuous process that sees employees develop personal tricks on reeling with employees, maneuvering his way to the top echelon of power. According to him, it is a game of intrigues meted against compatriots, demeaning them before higher authorities or favor.
This makes organizational polities seems as warlike phenomenon. But according to Otanka (1995:706), it is not all negative. In fact he notes that it has more positive contribution to the organization. He observes that it spurs every employee to be at alert to contribution his best to the growth of the business for appreciation so glaring to be denied by the higher authorities and everybody within the organization.
According to Witlessly (1936:19), organizational politics is the game of who gets what, how, when and where in any enterprise. It tries to pitch one employee against another. Organizational politics is the network of interaction by which power is acquired, transferred and exercised. Dalton (1966:15-21) reveals areas for political tension in any organization;
– Long run vs short run politics and programme
– Labour vs management interactions
– Struggles for promotions
– Distribution of rewards
– Interaction of organization doctrine. From these, we see that organizational politics tries to enable employees to be dynamic and appreciate a particular position, do all in their arsenal to get at it. It is left for the incumbent occupant to desire to shift upwards or downwards. This he does by his character. It pitches an employee against the other in ideas and performance; labor against management in polities as well as in nature of politics and programmes of action and rewards.
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Many perceive organizational politics as a bad omen for any enterprise. They do this in line with the nature of intrigues that largely follow them. However organizational politics is inevitable whenever people converge and carry out a purpose. The quest for supremacy and outwits must surface. In a manufacturing as well as service concern, it can result to both positive and negative outcomes in an organization.
The pertinent question therefore, is how to articulate and channel organizational politics towards productive ends. The issue of the activities of employees and management, grapevine, discipline, promotion,
organizational structure, public relations determine organizational politics.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
It seeks to attain the following objectives
1 To determine how the activities of employees and management encourage effective relations.
2 To determine the way activities of management and employees affect promotion in an enterprise
3 To evaluate the effect of the activities of employees and management on organizational dispensary procedure.
4 To assess the extent activities of employees and management affect grapevine relations
5 To evaluate how organizational structure affects organizational politics in an organization.
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
Seeks to attain the following questions
1 How do the activities of employees and management encourage employee relations?
2 What effect have the activities of employees and managements on promotion in an enterprise?
3 To what extent do activities of employee and management affect disciplinary procedure in an organization?
4 What could be concluded on the activities of employee and management on grapevine relations?
5 How does organizational structure affect organizational politics?
1.5 THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Organizational politics is an area that, some people dread, yet everybody is involved. A study on the topic is, therefore, desirable to explain to people what the mechanisms of the topic are, so as to appreciate.
Management of any organization would find this rather very interesting so as to find out how best to relate with the employees. The employees themselves would discover that the guidelines of organizational politics as stipulated in this research are helpful in relating with one another. Researchers would be highly pleased with the work, because they will understand more, the working of the topic.
1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The study covers the entire sphere of organizational politics. In other words, it is a global study, being not a case study research work. However, since universe can hardly ever be studied, we decide to select two service outfits in Enugu for a closer study, for inferential conclusions. The study will cover the period between 2000 – 2010.
1.7 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
Time and money spent on transportation were enormous. Before we could get the people to attend to us, two weeks had gone. This lengthened the period of conclusion of the project.
1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS
1.8.1 Politics is the science of governance. It is activities involved in getting and using power in public life, and being capable to influence decision in a country or society.
1.8.2 Politics socialization is the act of encouraging people to obey, constituted authority without course.
1.8.3 Legitimacy is the act of acquiring power legally. It is also act of allowing and accepting things according to the law.
1.8.4 Synergy is the act of achieving goals through group action in an organization. Is also extra energy, power, success, achieved by two or more people or companies working together, instead of on their own.
1.8.5 Conveyor is a belt that carries materials from one stage to another in a factory.
1.8.6 Grapevine is unofficial source of information.
This material content is developed to serve as a GUIDE for students to conduct academic research
ORGANIZATIONAL POLITICS AND IMPACT ON ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS>
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