NUTRITION EDUCATION AND DISEASE MANAGEMENT AMONGST FAMILIES IN OBIO-OKPOR LGA RIVER STATE

CHAPETR ONE

INTRODUCTION 

1.1        Background of the study

1.2        Statement of problem

1.3        Objective of the study

1.4        Research Hypotheses

1.5        Significance of the study

1.6        Scope and limitation of the study

1.7       Definition of terms

1.8       Organization of the study

CHAPETR TWO

2.0   LITERATURE REVIEW

CHAPETR THREE

3.0        Research methodology

3.1    sources of data collection

3.3        Population of the study

3.4        Sampling and sampling distribution

3.5        Validation of research instrument

3.6        Method of data analysis

CHAPTER FOUR

DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

4.1 Introductions

4.2 Data analysis

CHAPTER FIVE

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Summary

5.3 Conclusion

5.4 Recommendation

Appendix

Abstract

Poor nutrition is a major problem in the life of individuals and families in Nigeria. This is usually a consequence of lack, (poverty) and ignorance (lack of knowledge) or both combined. This study examines nutrition education and disease management amongst families in Obio-Okpor LGA of Rivers state. The approaches to nutrition education are also highlighted. This paper portrays nutrition education as a tool for initiating that spark of creative and innovative thinking, changes of behavior, development of attitudes, skills and confidence people need to improve their nutrition practices. However, effective nutrition education must be conveyed through a suitable approach. This paper also advanced some strategies that would make nutrition education, meaningful and sustainable to recipients.

CHAPTER ONE

                                        INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the study

Knowledge economy has evolved as the ability to apply or utilize knowledge to create tangible economic benefits and sustainable development at all levels of individual and community growth and development. In order words, it is a call to make knowledge more functional and useful in solving everyday problems of humanity. One of such problems that stare Nigeria and other African countries in the face is malnutrition. The case of malnutrition is not just an issue for the poor, but also for the rich. According to Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO, 1997), malnutrition for the poor a question of lack of food and knowledge and for the rich lack of knowledge of basic nutrition and application- knowledge of what to eat and how to prepare food. This calls for nutrition education. Nutrition education can be defined as a planned use of any educational process to modify and improve food and nutrition behavior in the pursuit of improved health (Fatima Shittu, 2011). Nutrition education, therefore, is to provide for the poor adequate information, skills and motivation to produce or/ and procure and to consume appropriate diets looking inwards on the available local foods to utilize them more efficiently and to avoid nutrition practices that are detrimental to healthy living. For the rich, who suffer nutritional disease of affluence, nutrition education should be targeted towards proper food selection, consumption and lifestyle. This will enable both the poor and the rich to attain sustainably in household nutrition. Sustainability of household nutrition refers to the capacity to ensure the long term stability of the household food supply and the ability of households to meet consumption and livelihood needs on a continuous basis. Sustainability requires that food be procured in a way that does not lead to a loss in the productive capacity of the household. Sustainability also requires a stable food production system as well as the procurement of food through self-reliance (FAO, 1999). The importance of proper nutrition and physical activity in reducing rates of disease and death from chronic diseases has been well established.1-3 Poor diet and physical inactivity cause 310,000 to 580,000 deaths per year and are major contributors to disabilities that result from diabetes, osteoporosis, obesity, and stroke. The results of one study showed that 14% of all U.S. deaths in 1990 could be attributed to poor diet and activity patterns,1 and another study linked sedentary lifestyles to 23% of chronic disease-related deaths in the United States in According to Healthy People 2010,4 about 75% of Americans do not eat enough fruit, more than half do not eat enough vegetables, and 64% consume too much saturated fat. The diets of many population subgroups contain too much total fat, saturated fat, and calories but not enough of other important elements such as calcium. Low fruit and vegetable consumption and high saturated fat intake are associated with coronary heart disease, some cancers, and diabetes.4-6 Breast milk is acknowledged to be the most complete source of nutrition for infants and offers many benefits for mothers and babies. Nutrition plays an important role in preventing illness and reducing morbidity and mortality, especially for people living with infectious diseases such as HIV, tuberculosis, or malaria. A healthy diet can help people manage symptoms, maximize the benefits of medications, and enhance their quality of life. Integrating nutrition services into care systems can be instrumental in preventing malnutrition and improving the nutritional status of people affected by infectious diseases, especially HIV and tuberculosis. Nigeria has committed to investing in improved nutrition during the first 1,000 days, providing nutrition services to infants and young children, as well as to pregnant and lactating women. Despite this, rates of malnutrition for children under 5 remain high, with 34.8 percent stunted, 24.2 percent underweight, and 10.2 percent wasted; only 15.1 percent of mothers breastfeed exclusively for six months.1 While the health system focuses on the critical needs of these most vulnerable groups, Nigeria has not yet systematically addressed the nutrition needs of adolescents and adults who face a broad range of health problems related to under nutrition, as well as to overweight and obesity, which are associated with increasing risk of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and heart problems.  Another requirement for sustainability is the ability of households to place food needs in the context of a wider overall framework of all other basic household needs in which resources are limited and there is competition among needs and priorities (FAO, 1997) Nutritional wellbeing at the household level is not only dependent on access and availability of food in quantity and quality but also on the ability to sustain such access. However, for households to attain access and sustainability of food there is need for sufficient knowledge and awareness of nutrition problems and how best to solve them through nutrition education which must be delivered through a relevant and appropriate approach.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Nutrition is coming to the fore as a major modifiable determinant of chronic disease, with scientific evidence increasingly supporting the view that alterations in diet have strong effects, both positive and negative, on health throughout life. Most importantly, dietary adjustments may not only influence present health, but may determine whether or not an individual will develop such diseases as cancer, cardiovascular disease and diabetes much later in life. However, these concepts have not led to a change in policies or in practice. In many developing countries, food policies remain focused only on undernutrition and are not addressing the prevention of chronic disease.

1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The main objective of this study is to examine the efficacy of nutrition education and disease management amongst families in Obio-Okpor LGA of River state. But to aid the completion of the study the researcher intend to achieve the following specific objective;

1. i) To ascertain the impact of nutritional education on the health of residence of Obio-Okpor LGA of River state.
2. ii) To examine if there is any significant relationship between nutrition education and disease management in Rivers state.

iii) To ascertain the effect of nutrition education on disease management in Obio-Okpor LGA

1. iv) To ascertain role of nutrition education on disease management in Obio-Okpor LGA of Rivers state

1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS

The following research questions were formulated by the researcher to aid the completion of the study;

1. i) Does nutritional education have any impact on the health of residence of Obio-Okpor LGA of River state?
2. ii) Is there any significant relationship between nutrition education and disease management in Rivers state?

iii) Is there any effect of nutrition education on disease management in Obio-Okpor LGA?

1. iv) Does nutrition education play any role in disease management in Obio-Okpor LGA of Rivers state?

1.5 RESEARCH HYPOTHESES

The following research hypotheses were formulated by the researcher to aid the completion of the study;

H₀: there is no significant relationship between nutrition education and disease management in Rivers state.

H₁: there is a significant relationship between nutrition education and disease management in Rivers state.

H₀: nutrition education does not have any impact on disease management in Obio-Okpor LGA of Rivers state

H₂: nutrition education does have an impact on disease management in Obio-Okpor LGA of Rivers state

1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

It is believed that at the completion of the study, the findings will be of great importance to the department of home economics Rivers state university as the study seek to explore the benefit of nutrition education and disease management in the study area. The study will also be of importance to researchers who intend to embark on a study in a similar topic as the study will serve as a reference point to further study. The study will also be of importance to the inhabitant of Obio-Okpor LGA as the study seek to explore the benefit of nutrition education. Finally, the study will be of importance to students, teachers, academia’s researchers and the general public as the study will contribute to the pool of existing literature on the subject matter and also contribute to knowledge

1.7 SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

The scope of the study covers nutrition education and disease management amongst families in Obio-Okpor LGA of Rivers state. But in the course of the study, there are some factors that limit the scope of the study;

1. a) AVAILABILITY OF RESEARCH MATERIAL: The research material available to the researcher is insufficient, thereby limiting the study
2. b) TIME: The time frame allocated to the study does not enhance wider coverage as the researcher has to combine other academic activities and examinations with the study.
3. c) Organizational privacy: Limited Access to the selected inmate makes it difficult to get all the necessary and required information concerning the activities.

1.8 OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF TERMS

Nutrition: Nutrition is the science that interprets the interaction of nutrients and other substances in food in relation to maintenance, growth, reproduction, health and disease of an organism.

Education

Education is the process of facilitating learning, or the acquisition of knowledge, skills, values, beliefs, and habits. Educational methods include storytelling, discussion, teaching, training, and directed research.

Disease

A disease is a particular abnormal condition that negatively affects the structure or function of part or all of an organism, and that is not due to any external injury.

 Management

Management is the administration of an organization, whether it is a business, a not-for-profit organization, or government body.

1.9 ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDY

This research work is organized in five chapters, for easy understanding, as follows

Chapter one is concern with the introduction, which consist of the (overview, of the study), historical background, statement of problem, objectives of the study, research hypotheses, significance of the study, scope and limitation of the study, definition of terms and historical background of the study. Chapter two highlights the theoretical framework on which the study is based, thus the review of related literature. Chapter three deals on the research design and methodology adopted in the study. Chapter four concentrate on the data collection and analysis and presentation of finding.  Chapter five gives summary, conclusion, and recommendations made of the study

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