MOTIVATION AS A TOOL FOR INCREASE IN PRODUCTIVITY

Abstract

Motivation in terms of organizational behavior, administrative behavior, and industrial psychology is the elixir for turning on the worker to work harder and get satisfied while doing his work. But its improper use on workers especially in the service sector as the logistics has reduced the workers morale, job satisfaction and occupational prestige; and has reduced the worker himself to a laughing stock in the Nigerian society. To reverse this trend, and correct the anomalies that result from the improper application of the theories of motivation in the logistics industry, this study reviewed the theories of motivation and is of the opinion that an integrated approach that lays emphasis on the work to be done, the worker and the organizational goals would create a satisfied workforce within the logistics industry with emphasis on O’ pay riders.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

• Background of the study

Human beings are the most important resources in an organization. Without them, it is impossible to achieve the goals or objectives of the organization. It is essential to consider the ways of getting them to do their work willingly and enthusiastically, and be satisfied with their jobs (job satisfaction). Before a worker gets satisfied with his job, his problems, needs and aspirations have to be identified by the management so that possible solutions could be given. Man’s problems arise due to the fact that he has lots of responsibilities not only to himself but also to his fellows and the society as he interacts with his environment and others in the society. These needs, responsibilities and interaction with his environment urge him to act or respond in a particular manner towards the satisfaction of these needs and maintenance of the social system. Over some years ago psychologists, managers and students of management have given increased attention to the need for human motivation at the working place. They found this concept useful to both explaining human behaviour, particularly in work situation to increase the productivity of workers. The purpose of all types of organizaitoin is continually faced with the problem of vast differences that exist in the performance or output of individual workers. Some employees often perform at a high level and need little or no supervisions and appear to enjoy what they are doing, other employees perform only at marginal levels and required constant attention and directions and are often absent from their duty posts. He reason for these differences in performance the nature of the job, the behaviour of the manager and the characteristics of the worker. The big questions is, how can the manager maintain the high performance of the first group and also increase that of those producing marginally, when it comes to being highly productive on the job, to performing with little or no direction and to being a real contributor to the organization. What can one usually say is the cause? Does money count first is the desire to draw bigger pay pocket? I s threat the principle factor? Or is it the sheer enjoyment of being part of a busy co-operative – professional team that makes some employees perform high? It has been recently shown that this variation is caused by the motives of workers, whether the employees or managers are high or how in achievement motivation makes a real difference in the effectiveness of financial incentives. Several studies have shown that offering additional financial reward for doing a task does not make strongly – achievement – oriented person to work harder or better. A group of aggressive – achievement – minded salesmen would certainly be angry of their extra efforts were not recognized with much greater financial rewards. Yet offering them bonus is not what produced the extra effort. This may seem like a psychological distinctions without a difference but the interpretation of the meaning of bonus plan genuinely affects performance. People with relatively low achievement motivation, ion the other hand, will work harder for increased financial rewards. However, does the money got by doing it interest them primarily as a measure of accomplishment?  Rather, it has other values for them. This work therefore will attempt to probe into the motivational tools employed by the management of Enugu State Transport Company limited to motivate its employees. The findings will help to evaluate the problems and prospects of the organization in the area of motivation and suggest way for improvement.

• STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

In work place individual employees have different aim and aspiration for instance some worker would prefer to work very hard and yet be satisfied at least for working just to contribute to the job. Other might have aims of showing appearance in the office or place of work and would not like to be usefully engaged but like to collect their salary as at when due, still some would prefer working for short periods hence their aim would be to reduce the time they spend in the workplace to a minimum Level since they were not interested with what they doing. Therefore, the determination roles of manage goals in an organization and their actives are not always taken for granted. However .due to the co-ordination of human and material resources in an organization in both sectors of their economy is able to establish a company. Management going to increase the productivity of worker are not just a process by which people (manger) crests direct, maintains and operated an organization rather it is through systematic co-operative human effort and control measure it also involves making suggestion for improved performance and prevention of future short coming if any We now want to assess how effectiveness manager are and relation to productive and constructive services that offer to management therefore the question we want to ask is how the manager maintains the high performances to increase the management tools answer to the above question will go a long way in clarifying and explaining what the manager does or is all about and how effective the management decision policy.

• OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The study has one main objective which is sub-divided into specific and general objective, the general objective is to examine motivation as a tool for increase in productivity with emphasis on O’ pay riders, the specific objectives are;

1. To examine the effect of motivation on the productivity of Opay riders
2. To examine if there is any relationship between motivation and increment in productivity of O’ pay riders

• To explore the role of management in increasing staff motivation in an organization

1. To examine the impact of motivation on staff productivity
   • RESEARCH QUESTIONS

The following research questions were formulated by the researcher to aid the completion of the study;

1. Is there any effect of motivation on the productivity of Opay riders in Nigeria?
2. Is there any significant relationship between motivation and increment in productivity of O’ pay riders?

• Does management play any role in increasing staff motivation in an organization

1. Does motivation has any impact on staff productivity?
   • RESEARCH HYPOTHESES

The following research hypotheses were formulated by the researcher to aid the successful completion of the study;

H₀: There is no significant relationship between motivation and increment in productivity of O’ pay riders

H₁: There is a significant relationship between motivation and increment in productivity of O’ pay riders

H₀: Motivation does not have any effect on the productivity of Opay riders

H₂: Motivation does have an effect on the productivity of Opay riders

• SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

It is believed that at the completion of the study, the findings will be of great importance to the management of O’ pay companies as the study seek to explore the importance of motivation on the productivities of the O’ pay rider. The study will also be of great importance to researcher who intend to embark on a study in a similar topic as the study will serve as a pathfinder to further study. The study will also be of great importance to teachers, students, academia’s, lecturers and the general public as the findings of the study will contribute to the pool of existing literature on the subject matter and also contribute to knowledge.

• SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

The scope of the study covers motivation as a tool for increase in productivity with emphasis on O pay riders. But in the course of the study, there are some factors that limit the scope of the study;

1. a) AVAILABILITY OF RESEARCH MATERIAL: The research material available to the researcher is insufficient, thereby limiting the study
2. b) TIME: The time frame allocated to the study does not enhance wider coverage as the researcher has to combine other academic activities and examinations with the study.
3. c) Finance: the availability of scarce resources (finance) at the disposal of the researcher was a major constrain to the scope of the study as the researcher has other academic bills to sought out along with the research work

1.8 OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF TERMS

 Motivation

Motivation is the word derived from the word ‘motive’ which means needs, desires, wants or drives within the individuals.

Tools

A tool is an object that can extend an individual’s ability to modify features of the surrounding environment.

Productivity

Productivity refers to the physical relationship between the quantity produced (output) and the quantity of resources used in the course of production (input).

1.8 ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDY

This research work is organized in five chapters, for easy understanding, as follows

Chapter one is concern with the introduction, which consist of the (overview, of the study), historical background, statement of problem, objectives of the study, research hypotheses, significance of the study, scope and limitation of the study, definition of terms and historical background of the study. Chapter two highlights the theoretical framework on which the study is based, thus the review of related literature. Chapter three deals on the research design and methodology adopted in the study. Chapter four concentrate on the data collection and analysis and presentation of finding.  Chapter five gives summary, conclusion, and recommendations made of the study

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