ATTITUDE OF PARENTS TOWARDS MODERN TECHNIQUES OF FAMILY PLANNING

Abstract

It is apparent that the main objective of this study is to ascertain the attitude of parents towards modern techniques of family planning. But for the successful completion of the study the researcher intends to achieve the following sub-objectives; to ascertain the effect of parents attitude towards modern family planning technique; to ascertain the role of parent towards birth control; to ascertain the relationship between family planning and population growth in the country; to evaluate the impact of family planning technique on birth control. However, to aid the completion of the study, the researcher formulated some research hypotheses to aid the interpretation of data, through which adequate conclusions were made and recommendations.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

• Background of the study

The current realization that socio-economic development and well being of a society can be affected by astronomical increase in population has led to the establishment of family planning programs. Family planning is a way of living that is adopted voluntarily upon the basis of knowledge attitude and responsible decision making by individuals or couples in order to pin the number, timing and spacing of the children that they want, so as to promote the health and welfare of the family group, and contribute to the advancement of the society. Basically, there are two major methods of family planning-the traditional and modern methods. Attempts to control increase in population started from the early men. Therefore, birth control is as old as man himself. Evidence from medical history indicates that our forefathers did space their children through traditional means, and Delano has observed that traditional methods of family planning had been handed down either verbally or in writing from generation to generation as far back as the Stone Age. Before the introduction of modern methods, Africans had methods of fertility regulation. Nigerian culture includes many myths, rituals and the use of herbs in attempts to regulate women’s fertility. Although many of these traditional methods of family planning have no harmful effects on a woman’s health, some however, do have dangerous or counterproductive effects. In addition, the complete effectiveness of many of the traditional methods has remained doubtful. Albeit, the modern method of family planning and associated programs have helped women around the world to avoid 400 million unwanted pregnancies, and so, the lives of many women have been saved from high risk pregnancy or unsafe abortion. If all women could avoid high risk pregnancies, the number of maternal deaths could fall by one quarter. Reproductive health for a woman includes her ability to space, delay or limit children, as well as her experience with infertility, child loss or planned or unplanned childlessness. Although around half of married women worldwide now use a modern method of contraception, an estimated 200 million women in the world who wish to stop having children or delay their next birth for at least 2 years are not using an effective contraceptive method. According to the Jordan Population and Family Health Survey (JPFHS), 57% of ever-married women in the country are currently using a method of family planning, and of them 42% are using modern contraceptives. Contraceptive use demonstrates regional variability when rural and urban areas are compared. The level of contraceptive use was higher among women living in urban areas (57%) than those in rural areas (51%). Women in urban areas tended to use modern methods more than those living in rural areas (43% and 36% respectively). The intrauterine device (IUD) was the method most used by married women (22%) followed by the oral contraceptive pill (8%). Although studies have been made about contraceptive use and related issues in the urban areas of Jordan, data about women in rural and remote areas of the country are lacking. Women living in rural areas may be more influenced by traditional gender roles than women in urban areas, and this might affect their family planning and pregnancy decisions. The aims of this study were to explore the level of knowledge about family planning methods among rural Jordanian women, the prevalence of use, preferences and reasons for using family planning methods and their attitudes towards family planning.

• STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Reports of earlier researches have shown more adherences to traditional methods of family planning among the respondents in spite of the fact that the modern methods have been adjudged effective and reliable. Besides, Education has been shown to influence choice of contraceptive method, one wonders if family planning especially, the use of modern methods is real in some local government area or just a myth. It is on this backdrop that the researcher intends to investigate the attitude of parents towards modern techniques of family planning.

• OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The main objective of this study is to ascertain the attitude of parents towards modern techniques of family planning in Nigeria. however for the successful completion of the study, the researcher intends to achieve the following sub-objectives;

1. To ascertain the effect of parents attitude towards modern family planning technique;
2. To ascertain the role of parent towards birth control;

• To ascertain the relationship between family planning and population growth in the country;

1. To evaluate the impact of family planning technique on birth control.
   • RESEARCH HYPOTHESES

For the successful completion of the study, the following research hypotheses were formulated by the researcher;

H₀: Parent’s attitude toward family planning does not have any significant effect on modern technique of family planning

H₁: parent’s attitude towards family planning has a significant effect on modern technique of family planning

H₀²: there is no significant relationship between family planning and population growth.

H₂: there is a significant relationship between family planning and population growth.

• SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

It is believed that at the completion of the study, the findings will be of great importance to parent and young adult so as to control and prevent unwanted pregnancy and excessive child birth amongst married couple, and this will also reduce the mortality rate among women during child birth. The study will also be of great importance to the federal ministry of health and ministry of women affairs as the study will guide them in carrying out an awareness program on birth control amongst women, The study will also be beneficial to researchers who intend to embark on study in similar topic as the study will serve as a guide to their study. Finally the study will be beneficial to academia’s students and the general public.

• SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

The scope of this study covers the attitude of parents towards modern technique of family planning. But in the course of the study, the researcher encounters some constrain which limited the scope of the study;

(a)Availability of research material: The research material available to the researcher is insufficient, thereby limiting the study.

(b)Time: The time frame allocated to the study does not enhance wider coverage as the researcher has to combine other academic activities and examinations with the study.

(c)Finance: The finance available for the research work does not allow for wider coverage as resources are very limited as the researcher has other academic bills to cover.

1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS

Population

A population is the number of all the organisms of the same group or species, which live in a particular geographical area, and have the capability of interbreeding.

Contraception

Hormonal and Barrier Contraception. There are about 15 different types of contraceptives which allow you to enjoy sex without the risk of getting pregnant. These birth control methods include: condoms, the diaphragm, the contraceptive pill, implants, IUDs (intrauterine devices), sterilization and the morning after pill.

Parents

A parent is a caregiver of the offspring in their own species. In humans, a parent is the caretaker of a child (where “child” refers to offspring, not necessarily age). A biological parent is a person whose gamete resulted in a child, a male through the sperm, and a female through the ovum. Parents are first-degree relatives and have 50% genetic meet. A female can also become a parent through surrogacy. Some parents may be adoptive parents, who nurture and raise an offspring, but are not actually biologically related to the child.

Family planning

Family planning is the practice of controlling the number of children in a family and the intervals between their births, particularly by means of artificial contraception or voluntary sterilization. Because “family” is included in the concept’s name, consideration of a couple’s desire to bear children, in the context of a family unit, is often considered primarily.

Attitude

Attitude refers to inclinations to react in a certain way to certain situations; to see and interpret events according to certain predispositions, or to organize opinions into coherent and interrelated structure (Bankowski and Bryant, 1985). Attitude in relation to 11 the study refers to the views and opinions of the couples or research respondents on natural family planning methods. Whether they find it acceptable or not; whether they support, like and encourage it or not

1.8 Organization of the study

This research work is organized in five chapters, for easy understanding, as follows Chapter one is concern with the introduction, which consist of the (overview, of the study), statement of problem, objectives of the study, research question, significance or the study, research methodology, definition of terms and historical background of the study. Chapter two highlight the theoretical framework on which the study its based, thus the review of related literature. Chapter three deals on the research design and methodology adopted in the study. Chapter four concentrate on the data collection and analysis and presentation of finding.  Chapter five gives summary, conclusion and also recommendations made of the study.

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