ABSTRACT
This project is an accident information management system with i-report facilities.
Accident information is necessary as accident rate has increased tremendously and lives and properties are destroyed every day in Nigeria by road accidents. In other to reduce its reoccurrence, proper documentation of accident information is necessary. An accident information system enables researchers, government and insurance companies who are interested in accident data to collect data from the database for decision making. The proposed system is a client server system that enables a person to sent an eye witness report to the server (at Federal Road Safety Corp Headquarters) on an accident using a mobile phone and facilitates quick response to accident scene by FRSC thus providing an approximately accurate accident data capturing. Available Mobile Technologies and Object Oriented Analysis and Design Methodology were used in evaluating the system to help improve the current process. The system was designed and implemented using PHP and HTML as front-end and Database Management System (DBMS) as back-end. The system improved performance by facilitating quick response time to accident scene and providing real time data capturing.
Chapter 1:
Introduction
1.0 Introduction
Although transportation has liberated man and makes him more mobile, his increasing reliance on vehicular movement has conferred great facilities on him and his activities. The greatest culprit of all the modes of transport is road of which traffic accident is the most disturbing repercussion of its use. Road traffic accident is therefore an issue of great international concern as it seems to be the single greatest source of death and injuries all over the world.
Road traffic accidents occur when a vehicle collides with another vehicle, pedestrian, animal, road debris, or other stationary obstruction, such as a tree or utility pole [1]. Worldwide, road traffic accidents lead to death and disability as well as financial cost to both society and the individual involved.
Technical advances in the mobile device sector have resulted in just about everybody having mobile devices like phones, tablets or even laptops nowadays. In the emotionally stressful situation of a traffic accident, a mobile device with the relevant special application can assist the user to make a report to the server at Federal Road Safety Corp (FRSC) headquarters as most people carry their mobiles with them at all times. The server immediately alerts the nearest FRSC office to the crash scene thus facilitating quick response to accident scene and gathering of first-hand accident data capturing which is saved back to the server. The system being developed provides an up to date accident details which may be useful to the government, research groups, insurance companies etc.
1.1 Statement of the problem
1. Under-reporting/late reporting of road accidents: Accident eye witnesses are unable to report an accident immediately due to the fact that they do not have easy access to the computers and internet which would enable them make a report. Most times people do not carry their computers e.g. laptops with them and so they find it difficult to report an accident immediately they occur.
2. Accident information are recorded on papers which are not stored properly or organized well and may be misplaced or destroyed by fire after sometime.
3. There is no particular format for collecting accident information by the police.
The police collect less structured information (narrative descriptive statement that make up a report and accident information gathered are scattered all over the police station in the country.
4. There is no single manageable system for accident data collection thus accident information are not readily available for the government, research groups, insurance companies for decision making.
1.2 Aim and Objectives of the Study
The aim is to design and implement an accident information management system with i-reporting facilities.
The specific objectives of the system are to:
Provide a single manageable (centralized) database system for accident data collection which can be used for decision making by the FRSC, government and research groups.
Facilitate real time accident report using mobile technologies, accident image capturing and on-site documentation of accident.
Facilitate quick response to accident scene by FRSC as the system enables the administrator to alert the nearest unit command.
Transfer the paper report to a mobile-base digital one that is readily available to reporter and cannot be misplaced.
1.3 Scope of study
This study is concerned with an immediate report of accident and accurate documentation of accident data by FRSC. It covers only road accidents involving vehicles such as cars, buses, trucks, motorcycles and tricycles. Mobile technologies such as smart phones, tablets etc can be used by an eye witness to
immediately report and document accidents. Analysis of the captured data involves calculations like death rate expressed in frequency and percentage.
1.4 Limitations of study
The system covers only road accidents other forms of accidents like water air etc are not considered because it may become too cumbersome to handle. Accidents that occurred in rural areas where there is no GSM network may not be reported. Due to time and financial constraints, analysis of the captured data or what the decision makers wants to use the information he got from the database for was not looked into. It does not take into consideration how accident victims can be taken to the hospital for immediate treatment in a case of casualties.
1.5 Significance
The accident database can be used at three different levels. At the macro or national level it can be used to help central government decide on safety policy (e.g. compulsory seat belt wearing or motorcycle helmet wearing). At a regional level it can be researched to help regional authorities make appropriate decisions (e.g. on local police campaigns on drink-driving, child safety education). Where the computerized database was originally envisaged to be of most benefit is at the local level where the database can be used by local engineers to determine where the main problems are on the network, what is responsible for the problems and, indeed, can be used in the black spot process. The monitoring of trends in road traffic crashes is a unique tool to assess the effectiveness of new prevention polices. It also allows for a useful account of the characteristics of traffic insecurity, helping the prioritization of effective interventions (identification of hot spots, vulnerable road users, regional variations, and so on).There are also several different groups of people with road safety interests who require accident data. These include the road safety officers and highway engineers, lawyers, research groups, politicians, teachers, statisticians, insurance companies and members of the public. They all tend to have slightly differing needs and reasons for wanting the data.
1.6 Definition of terms
For a deeper understanding of the topic being discussed, there is a need to define the terminologies used. From the project title accident information management system, the terminologies are as follows:
Accident: An accident is an unplanned and unintentional event.
It is an event that can lead to an individual sustaining an injury or even death. An accident can occur due to carelessness of one or both parties involved.
Road accident: Road accidents are an unplanned event that occurs on the road due to recklessness of a vehicle driver or mechanical fault on a vehicle. It can be a collision between two or more vehicles or a stationary object which may lead to injury, death or property damage.
Road users: The road users include pedestrians, cyclists, motorists,, their passengers, and passengers of on-road public transports mainly buses and animals.
Information: Information is a set of data captured that have been transformed or processed to meet the need of the user for decision making.
Information management system: Information Management System (IMS) is a general term for software designed to facilitate the storage, organization and retrieval of information.
Federal Road Safety Corps (FRSC): FRSC is the government agency with statutory responsibilities for road safety administration in Nigeria which include making the highways safe for motorists and other road users, recommending works and infrastructures to eliminate or minimize accidents on highways and educating motorists and members of the public on the importance of discipline on the highways.
Mobile devices: A mobile device is basically any handheld computer. It is designed to be extremely portable, often fitting in the palm of your hand or in your pocket. Most of these mobile devices enable user to do same things they can do with a desktop or laptop computers. Examples are mobile phones Ipads, Ipods and tablets.
This material content is developed to serve as a GUIDE for students to conduct academic research
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