LEADERSHIP PATTERNS AND THEIR IMPLICATION FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF EFFECTIVE ADMINISTRATION OF PRIMARY SCHOOL A CASE STUDY OF EGOR LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA

TABLE OF CONTENT

Title page

Approval page

Dedication

Acknowledgment

Abstract

Table of content

 CHAPETR ONE

1.0   INTRODUCTION

1.1        Background of the study

1.2        Statement of problem

1.3        Objective of the study

1.4        Research Hypotheses

1.5        Significance of the study

1.6        Scope and limitation of the study

1.7       Definition of terms

1.8       Organization of the study

CHAPTER TWO

2.0       LITERATURE REVIEW

CHAPTER THREE

3.0        Research methodology

3.1         sources of data collection

3.3        Population of the study

3.4        Sampling and sampling distribution

3.5        Validation of research instrument

3.6        Method of data analysis

CHAPTER FOUR

DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

4.1    Introductions

4.2    Data analysis

CHAPTER FIVE

5.1    Introduction

5.2    Summary

5.3    Conclusion

5.4    Recommendation

Appendix

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ABSTRACT

Leadership is the shoulder on which effective administration of affairs rests on. If the leadership of a particular organization is ineffective, it will yield an ineffective organization. This is in reverse to an effective administration where leadership is astute, effective and efficient. The purpose of this survey research is to explore the leadership patterns of public primary school headmaster in Edo State as perceived by the subordinates. The study made use of ten (10) Primary school and extracted opinions from 200 teachers from these primary schools. The study made use of descriptive survey method and analyzed the collected data using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1   Background of the Study

For many years now, researchers in the area of educational leadership have attempted to identify links between educational leadership and school effectiveness research. This phenomenon is mainly due to the perception that educational leaders, especially school headmasters, affect school effectiveness (Levin $ Lezotte 1990; Reynolds $ Cuttance. 1992; Cheng 1994; Pashiardis, 2004). However two main issues have arisen; firstly what position or roles do leaders have in a school organization? Secondly under what condition does school leadership affect student’s achievement and to what existent?

In relation to the first issue, it is interesting that the vast majority of researchers have been involved mainly in studies of principals’ leadership patterns. However recent research has also been concerned with the leadership of person who have other roles in a school organization such as teachers (Harris$ Muijs, 2003, Pashiardis, 2004). As a consequence, it is necessary to investigate the parameters of many individuals leadership pattern in order to give a more complete overview of school leadership.

The second issue is more complex due to contradictory finding concerning effects of leadership on student’s achievement some studies found no influence where as others identified some effect (Heck 1992; Johnson 1993)

The Meta analysis conducted by hallanger $ Heck (1996; 1998) and Witxiers, Bosker $ kruger (2003) emphasized at least two important element that differentiate the result among many studies firstly the different educational systems and cultures among the various countries lead to different result (also in pashisrdis, thedy, papanaoum, $ Johansson, 2003). Secondly the absence of intermediate variables between principal or headmaster leadership and students achievement tends to find no link between them (also in Teddlie $ Renolds 2000).

1.2   STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMS

Based on the above, this study aims to examine the headmaster contribution to school effectiveness among primary schools in Edo state. This work has adopted specific theories with regards to these three variable more specifically, it is based on the (Hoy $ Miskel 2001). Second these concept are presented at many level in schools for example, leaders can be identified at school level (e.g. headmaster) or at classroom level (e.g. teachers) (Cheng, 1994) moreover, there are many culture in a school such as organizational culture, teacher culture, students, culture, classroom, culture (Mechr $ Midgley 1996). Finally multi-level models indicate many level of effectiveness such as the student’s level, the classroom level and the school level (Ereemers 1994).

The first concept that we examined in this study was school leadership. The examination of this concept involves many difficulties because of the large number of its definitions (Hoy $ Miskel 2001) one theory that views the multidimensional nature of leadership and especially effective leadership, is the Bolman $ Deals theory of leadership, frames (1991;1997). This theoretical frame work is based on the assumption that four leadership dimensions play important roles in effective leadership;

1. The structural frame which emphasizes goals, planning and coordination;
2. The human resources frame, which is sensitive to the human needs of others.
3. The political frame which recognized the ways that people seek to advance their own interest and
4. The symbolic frame which focuses in the rituals, myths and ceremonies that give meaning to organizational cultures.

The evidence of several recent studies supports the main assumptions of the theory. At the same time research identified new elements that complete the model for example Bolman and Deal (1991; 1992) found that the leader’s ability to use many frames is highly correlated with their effectiveness.

A second concept that concerns this study is organizational culture. Again the large numbers of definitions contribute to the difficulty of studying this concept as well based mainly on schein definition contributes to the difficulty of studying this concept as well. Based mainly on Schein definition (1992), Hoy $ Miskel (2001) defined culture as “the shared orientation that hold the unit together and give it a distinctive identify”.

However, substantial disagreement arises about what is shared (norms, values, philosophies, perspectives, beliefs, expectation, attitude, Myths or ceremonies.). Another problem is determining the intensity of shares orientations of organization all members. While studies of educational leadership have focused on leaders in administrative position, recent studies are focusing on teachers as leaders (Bellon $ Beaudry 1992; Boles $ Troen, 1992; Wasley 1991). The recent educational reform movements, such as restructuring and site based management have promoted increased teacher participation and leadership in the decision making processes of various aspects of school administration. Studies about teacher’s roles in those reform efforts are beginning to emerge.

Information about leader who have guided or provoked their organization to change is also beginning to emerge. These leaders began with having a vision developed a shared vision with their co-workers and valued the organization personnel. Leaders who changed their organization were proactive and took risks. They recognized shifts in the interests or needs of their clientele, anticipated to the need to change and challenged the status quo. Educational leaders of change have these characteristics. How these characteristics are manifested by educational leaders is presented in the characteristics section of this paper. Since limited data exist on educational leaders the information on the characteristics of these leaders is drawn primarily from the literature on effective schools. However for effective school management.

Teacher leadership roles are involving teachers as mentor’s team leaders, curriculum developers and staff development providers and intend to “improve the quality of public education while allowing teachers greater leadership in the development of those improvements (Wasley 1991). These roles involve teachers in decision making processes and facilitate teachers becoming leaders of change. Nickse (1997) studied teachers as change agents and advocated teachers in leadership roles in change efforts for four reasons.

1. Teachers have a vested interest. “they care about what they do and how they do it and feel a sense of responsibility for their efforts”
2. Teachers have a sense of history they are “aware of the norms of their colleagues”
3. Teachers know the community “have information concerning the values and attitude of the community” and
4. Teachers can implement change they “are where the action is. In the position to initiate planned change on the basis of need.

Yet despite these reasons and attempt to promote teachers as leaders of change and to extend teacher leadership roles, teachers do not view themselves as leaders (Bellon $ Beaudry 1992; Wasley 1991).

Nevertheless the data on leaders of educational change and the emerging information on teacher leadership indicate that the characteristic of these individuals mirror those of leaders who have changed other organization. Leaders of educational change have vision, faster a shared vision and value human resources. They are proactive and take risks. In addition they strongly believe that the purpose of schools is to meet the academic needs of students and are effective communicators and listeners. Leaders of educational change have vision, faster a shared vision, and value human resources. They are proactive and take risks.

1.3         Objective of the Study

The purpose of this study is to unveil the leadership pattern of public primary school headmasters based on the Role they play for effective school management.  The specific objectives are:

1. To determine the kinds of leadership patterns adopted by different primary school heads.
2. To determine the implication of leadership patterns on the administration of the school.
3. To determine the relationship between leadership pattern and the academic performance of pupils in the school.

1.4   Research Question

The specific research questions of the study are as follows;

• What kinds of leadership pattern are adopted by the headmasters of public elementary school?
• What are the implications of leadership patterns on the administration of the school?
• Does a relationship exist between leadership patterns and the academic performance of pupils?
• To examine the reason responsible for lack of effective administration in primary school in Esan West local government area of Edo state.

1.5   Research hypotheses

The study developed and formulated the following hypotheses:

H0: There is no significant difference in the leadership patterns adopted by Primary school heads.

H1: There is a significant difference in the leadership patterns adopted by Primary school heads.

H0: There is no significant relationship between the leadership patterns of Primary school heads and the academic performance of the pupils.

H1: There is a significant relationship between the leadership patterns of Primary school heads and the academic performance of the pupils.

1.6         SIGNIFICANT OF THE STUDY

The importance of this study lies in its exploratory nature as it attempts to unveil the leadership pattern employed in public primary schools in Edo state. This study is innovative in the sense that it will be first study to promote the leadership patter for effective management. This research will provide additional evidence to educational authorities in choosing or training their leaders.

Furthermore it is believed to induce self-awareness and reflection in headmaster concerning their headmastership practice; it will provide at least a basis for further studies related to leadership pattern of the Edo state primary school headmasters. However it will also be relevant to ministry of education, school administrators and teachers including all stakeholders in education.

1.7   Definition of Terms

1. Headmaster/Mistress: a man/woman who is the head teacher in a school.
2. Leadership: the action of leading a group of people or an organization, or the ability to do this.
3. Administration: is the range of activities connected withorganizing andsupervising the way that an organization or institution functions.
4. Primary School: Aprimary school(or elementary school in American English and often in Canadian English) is a school in which children receive primary or elementary education from the age of about seven to twelve, coming after preschool, infant school and before secondary school.

1.8   Organization of the Study

The study is divided into five chapters. Chapter one deals with the study’s introduction and gives a background to the study. Chapter two reviews related and relevant literature. The chapter three gives the research methodology while the chapter four gives the study’s analysis and interpretation of data. The study concludes with chapter five which deals on the summary, conclusion and recommendation.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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