ORGANIZATIONAL POLITICS AND IMPACT ON ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS

ABSTRACT

This research works tend to evaluate as well as ascertain the impact of organizational politics on organizational effectiveness. For the purpose of this study, the population was drawn from four non-governmental establishments in Enugu Metropolis, two  manufacturing and two service establishments. Making up a sample size of 288 workers including those in management positions. Information was made available through data collection. This includes primary data  made up of oral interview, direct observations, questionnaires distribution and secondary data comprised of related views of people written down. The results from the findings showed that the activities of both employee and management in an organization either discourage or boost organization politics. Greater number of the population hold it firm that activities of employees effect promotions in nay establishment and promotions in term are affected much by organizational politics. Based on the findings, it is concluded that organizational politics has an adverse impact on organization effectiveness. Subsequently, it  is recommended  that  management  should  co-opt  employees  in  decision making, especially in areas concerning them in order to reduce misunderstanding.

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION

1.1     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Politics seeks to govern a group of people with rules or regulations. It is the whole system directed at acquiring power to rule. This process of acquiring  power   is   affected   by   a   combination  of   many   processes: democracy, autocracy, military, nepotism, plutocracy, aristocracy, or even anarchy.

Organizational politics earns from the general knowledge of political culture in the outside society. It includes all that employee does to rise from one  step  to  another that  effect  promotions and  all  the  policies  guiding employee rewards and discipline right from the day he is recruited to the day he leaves the organization.

According to Robbins (1990:64), it is a continuous process that sees employees develop personal tricks on reeling with employees, maneuvering his way to the top echelon of power. According to him, it is a game of intrigues meted against compatriots, demeaning them before higher authorities or favor.

This makes organizational politics seems as warlike phenomenon. But according to Otanka (2005: 706); it is not all negative. In fact he notes that it

has more positive contribution to organization. He observes that it spurs every employee to be at alert to contribute his best to the growth of the business for appreciation so glaring to be denied by the higher authorities and everybody within the organization.

According to Witlessly (2004: 19); organizational politics is the game of who gets what, how, when and where in any enterprise. It tries to pitch one employee against another. Organizational politics is the network of’ interaction by which power is acquired transferred and exercised. Dalton (2005: 15-21) reveals areas for political tension in any organization;

 Long run vs short run politics and programme.

 Labour vs management interactions

 Struggles for promotions

 Distribution of rewards

 Interaction of organization doctrine.

From these, we see that organizational politics tries to enable employees to be dynamic and appreciate a particular position, do all in their arsenal to get at it. It is left for the incumbent occupant to desire to shift upwards or downwards. This he does by his character. It pitches an employee  against  the  other  in  ideas  and  performance;  labor  against

management in politics as well as in nature of’ politics and programmes of action and rewards.

1.2     STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

Many perceive organizational politics as a bad omen for any enterprise. They do this in line with the nature of intrigues that largely follow them. However organizational politics is inevitable whenever people converge and carry out a purpose. The quest for supremacy and outwits must surface. In a manufacturing as well as service concern, it can result to both positive and negative outcomes in an organization.

The pertinent question therefore, is  how  to articulate and channel organizational politics towards productive ends. The issue of the activities of employees  and  management,  grapevine,  discipline,  promotion, organizational structure and public relations determine organizational politics.

1.3     OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

It seeks to attain the following objectives

1.       To  determine  how  the  activities  of  employees  and  management encourage effective relations.

2.       To determine the way activities of management and employees affect promotion in an enterprise

3.       To evaluate the effect of’ the activities of employees and management on organizational dispensary procedure.

4.       To assess the extent activities of employees and management affect grapevine relations.

5.       To  evaluate  how  organizational  structure  affects  organizational politics in an organization.

1.4     RESEARCH QUESTIONS Seeks to attain the following questions

1.       How  do  the  activities  of  employees  and  management  encourage employee relations?

2.       What effect has the activities of’ employees and managements on promotion in an enterprise?

3.       To what extent do activities of’ employee and management affect disciplinary procedure in an organization?

4.       What  could  be  concluded  on  the  activities  of’  employee  and management on grapevine relations?

5.       How does organizational structure affect organizational politics’?

1.5     THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Organizational politics is an area that, some people dread, yet everybody is involved. A study on the topic is therefore, desirable to explain to people what the mechanisms of the topic are, so as to appreciate.

Management of’ any organization would find this rather very interesting so as to find out how best to relate with the employees. The employees themselves would discover that the guidelines of organizational politics as stipulate in this research are helpful in relating with one another. Researchers would be highly pleased with the work because they will understand more, the working of the topic.

1.6     SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The study covers the entire sphere of organizational politics. In other words, it is a global study, being not a case study research work. However, since universe can hardly ever be studied, we decide to select two service outfits in Enugu for a closer study and for inferential conclusions. The study will cover the period between 2000 to 2010.

1.7     LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

Time and money spent on transportation were enormous. Before we could get the people to attend to us, two weeks had gone. This lengthened the period of conclusion of the project.

1.8     DEFINITION OF THE TERMS

1.8.1Politics is the science of governance. It is activities involved in getting and using power in public life, and being capable to influence decision in a Country or society.

1.8.2 Political socialization is the act of encouraging people to obey constituted authority without course.

1.8.3 Legitimacy is the act of acquiring power legally. It is  also act of allowing and accepting things according to the law.

1.8.4 Synergy is  the act  of achieving goals through group action in an organization. It is also extra energy, power, success, achieved by two or more people or companies working together, instead of on their own.1.8.5 Grapevine is unofficial source of information.

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