ABSTRACT
The study investigated the effect of safety management on performance of manufacturing organizations in South- South, Nigeria. The specific objectives of the study sought to: determine the effect of regular safety audit on employees’ commitment to productivity, ascertain the extent to which risk management affects employee turnover, examine the effect of workplace design on corporate goal attainment, establish the effect of safety education and training on the implementation of safety programmes, assess the nature of relationship between workers’ perception of workplace safety and job satisfaction and assess the nature of relationship between demographic characteristics and employee safety attitudes. The study adopted survey design. The population of the study was one hundred and thirty-five (135) registered manufacturing firms in the South- South, Nigeria. From this, 20 percent was adopted to determine the firms sample size. A sample of twenty six (26) organizations was determined. Systematic random sampling technique was employed in the selection of twenty six companies from one hundred and thirty five (135) registered members of the Manufacturing Association in South-South,Nigeria. Staff sample size of 601 was determined using Freund and William’s statistical formula from the staff population of twelve thousand, two hundred and twenty six (12,226). Stratified sampling technique was used to select the respondents in each of the selected firms while Bowley’s proportional allocation method was adopted to determine the allocation of questionnaire to each of the participated firms. Data were collected through the use of the questionnaire and oral interview guide. The questionnaire was structured on a five – point Likert scale. A pilot study was conducted using test – retest method and tested with Spearman Ranking Order Correlation Coefficient. The result gave a reliability coefficient of 0.92, indicating a high degree of items consistency. Both the content and face validation of the instrument was done by research experts. Simple Linear Regression, Z–test, and Pearson Product Movement Correlation Coefficient were the test statistics used for data analysis. The acceptable probability level of significance was
0.05. The findings revealed that regular safety audit positively affected employees’ commitment to productivity (r =0.984; t = 1.62; F = 23.63 p < 0.05). Risk management to a large extent significantly affected employee turnover (Zc=8.17 > Zt = 1.96; p < 0.05). There was a significant positive effect of workplace design on corporate goal attainment (Zc=8.17 > Zt = 1.96; p < 0.05). Safety education and training had a significant positive effect on implementation of safety programmes (Zc=5.25 > Zt = 1.96; p < 0.05). There was a positive relationship between workplace safety and job satisfaction (r =0.75, p < 0.05). There was positive relationship between demographic characteristics (age, gender, and levels of education) and safety attitudes (r =0.94, p < 0.05; r =0.79 p < 0.05 r =0 .83 p < 0.05). The study concluded that effective and efficient implementation of safety practices at the organisational level in manufacturing firms in South- South, Nigeria did not only provided a safer working environment but also brought about workers’ commitment, job satisfaction, decreased in employee turnover, better productivity, profitability, efficiency, good corporate image and innovative capacity.The study recommendedthat Continuous training/re-training of safety personnel and the entire workforce on safe work procedures should be judiciously carried out since the attitude of workers and management to industrial safety could be hindrance to efforts that might be made at safeguarding or protecting the workers from harm.
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Background of the Study
INTRODUCTION
The evolution of modern industrial safety movement had its roots in England, at the dawn of the 18th century industrial revolution era. By 1750, machines had been invented and mining and manufacturing industries became established. Men, women, and children were employed to work in factories under very terrible conditions. Injuries, diseases, and deformities multiplied among the workers. They suffered in silence as medical services were not readily provided. Employers did not take interest in the welfare of their employees. In fact, the employees had no right as they could be sacked or relieved of their jobs at will without notice or warning until the evolution of occupation health services in 1897( Peter,2013).
The evolution of occupational health services brought about the enactment of safety laws and regulations in 1833. The general conviction then that accidents were predestined and inevitable was no longer acceptable to a growing population of the English public (Dickson and Michael, 2010). They argued strongly that accidents could indeed be controlled, and that it was ignorance of safety precautions, inefficiency, and carelessness that prevented people from living safely in the expanding mechanized world. They called for safety education and other occupational health services to put a stop to the suffering of factory workers (Dickson and Michael, 2010).
Safety programmes were first introduced in Nigeria during the time the country was a British colony.The purpose of these programmes was to help organizations to manage and control their occupationalsafety risks, and to improve their performance.Occupational health workers weredispatched to factories and other commercial undertakings, including plantations, for monitoring (Adeogun and Okafor, 2013). This initiative led to legislation that includedLabour Act of 1974, the Factories Act of 1987 and The Workman’s Compensation Act of 1987. Other relevant acts to occupational health and safety in Nigeria are Labour Acts
1990 and Workman’s Compensation Act, 2004 of the laws of the Federation of Nigeria latter updated to the Employee’s Compensation Act of 2011 (Adeogun and Okafor, 2013).In addition occupational health and safety management standard (OHSAS) of 2007 was developed by the OHSAS Project Group, a consortium of 43 organizations from 28 countries.It replaces OHSAS, of 1999.Since it was first published in 1999,OHSAS has rapidly become the most widely used international Occupational Health and Safety
Management Standards. OHSAS applies to all types of organization. It does not matter what size they are or what they do(Ogbo and Ukpere,2013).
Nevertheless, these acts are not being enforced in Nigeria asindicated by several occupational health hazards, risks, and diseases in the country(Adeogun and Okafor,2013). Many companies are still unaware of the economic aspects of occupational health and safety. They often do not recognize the costs of accidents and ill- health and even if they are conscious of the fact that a poor working environment may result in costs for the company, they rarely measure them(Adeogun and Okafor,2013).According to Ogbo and Ukpere (2013), about two million people die every year from work-related accidents and disease. An estimated number of 270 million also suffer from fatal and non-fatal work-related accidents which results in at least three days absence from work.The international labour organization in a report to mark world day for safety and Health stated that an additional 160 million new people suffer from work-related illness. Millions of work-related accidents, injury, and disease annually take their toll on human lives, business performance, economy, and the environment (Ogbo and Ukpere,2013).Furthermore, statistics of occupational accidents reported to the custodian of occupational health and safety(OHS) in Nigeria, the Federal Ministry of Labour and Productivity Inspectorate Division (FMLPID) indicates that more than 42,000 workers die every year from occupational accidents (Ogechukwu, et al., 2014).
While calling for a severe sanction for organizational practitioners who turn workplace into industrial mortuaries,Ekop and Umoh (2012)contend that workplace in Nigeria is increasingly becoming unsafe. Regrettably, they state that several hundred of workers were consumed in the Ikorodu fire incident some years ago. According to them there are other cases of bodily injuries some reported to the union and several others happening in non- unionized workplace with very little support and compensation for the affected workers.Though many organizations accept this to be true, they fail to realize that as part of their human resource management practices, there is the need for management to ensure that personnel in the organization work in safe and healthy environment that will promote their optimum performance (Ekop and Umoh, 2012).The industry impression is that health and safety management is bureaucratic, legalistic, and costly to introduce and also lack scientific content (Henry and Paul, 2011). They simply focus on issues of quality assurance, productivity, cost benefit, and continual improvement rather than on quality life of the workers (Henry and Paul, 2011).
The manufacturing sector is considered to be one of the most dangerous working environments(Ezekiel and Nandi,2012). Workers are exposed to varied kinds of hazards. Therefore, failure to institute adequate health and safety measures in place by management to protect employees from these hazards and risks will lead to avoidable deaths and ultimately lead to loss of staff (Ezekiel and Nandi,2012).Health and Safety management is very important in the manufacturing sector since a lot of employees have lost their lives whilst others have sustained various degrees of injuries through accidents (Mohamed, 2008). Manufacturing sector can be safe and enjoyable if employees follow the standardised procedures.It is regrettable that both employees and employers have demonstrated minimal commitment to reducing the level of accidents in the industry(Mohamed, 2008).
Many manufacturing organizations have comprehensive health and safety plans, but the quality of the plan does not necessarily correlate to a company’s safety performance (Dickson and Michael, 2010). Written safety plans have the potential to be very effective, but companies must go beyond the safety plan and create a true health and safety “culture” (Dickson and Michael, 2010). Most current health and safety practices in the manufacturing sector are based on the normative approach i.e compliance with prescribed safety rules (Marshall, 2010). They focus on measures to control hazards, and means to control worker’s behaviours so that they comply with prescribed safety practices (Marshall, 2010). While the traditional or normative approach aim at creating safe working behaviours, it ignores how the characteristics of the individual, production system and team process influence the work behaviours and affect the possibility of error and accidents (Marshall, 2010). Hence, it has proven to be inadequate and unacceptable for the increasingly competitive and dynamic condition of the workplace (Marshall, 2010).
Occupational safety is a process of ensuring that people stay safe and healthy in the workplace to increase workers capacity to perform (Mohamed, 2010). The health and safety of every employee in an organization is important if the organization is to continuously operate to meet its stated goals and objectives (Danso, 2011). A healthy worker is an able worker, and a safe worker is a focused worker. An unhealthy or unsafe environment affects an employee’s ability, and motivation to work (Bernard, 2007).Ototo and Oboh (2008) assert that the health status of an individual worker is a predisposing factor of his/her full or partial commitment to job. Thus, the fitter an individual employee’s health is, the better his/her performance on the job. Unfortunately, despite the obvious need to manage health and safety
proactively, some organizations do not give it the priority it deserves.This may be due to a lack of knowledge, skills, and motivation, or to limited staff resources (Smith, 2002).
The goal of organisations in instituting health and safety programs is to foster a safe and risk free work environment for the employees and the stakeholders at large to ensure efficiency of personnel and the end result to maximize productivity (Michael, 2002). Productivity has been an essential contributor to corporate success due to the fact that occupational health and safety has a direct translation of it into cost savings and profitability (Hensen and Long,
2006). An unsatisfactory work environment can have an adverse effect on worker motivation that tends to make minimal effort towards work thereby lowering performance (Casio,2002).
Health and safety if put in place contribute to a good working environment as people spend most of their time at the workplace and so their working environment should be made safe, favourable and conducive to enhance a high level of productivity and to increase income for both the employer and employee(Makori and Davis, 2008). Good health at work helps improve employee’s health in general and also the productivity and competitiveness of businesses(Makori and Davis, 2008). Furthermore, workplace problems of health and safety exert a high cost for social protection systems and therefore workers need to be provided with suitable working conditions if their general wellbeing is to be enhanced (Makori and Davis,
2008). Emmanuel (2000) contends that all workers have a right to work in places where risks
to their health and safety are properly controlled but due to poverty and illiteracy, people choose to work in any establishment or undertake any duty assigned in order to earn a living.
The economic cost of occupational health and safety to the organisation is double-edged (Danso,2011). On the one hand, health and safety measures which protect employees from the hazards of the workplace can conflict with management’s objective of containing production costs (Danso,2011). On the other hand, effective health and safety policies can improve the performance of employees and the organisation, by reducing costs associated with accidents, disabilities, absenteeism, or illness (Danso,2011). There are also indirect costsassociated with work-related accidents (Moser, et al.,2007). The indirect costs include overtime payments necessary to make up for lost production, cost of retraining a replacement employee, and cost of time spent by human resource manager recruiting, selecting and training the new employee and, in less typical cases, the cost associated with loss of revenue on orders cancelled or lost if the accident causes a net long-term reduction on sales as well as
the negative effect on morale in workers which may also lead to possible reduction in the quality of work (Moser, et al.,2007). Thus, the safety of employees is crucial in the effectiveness of any organization as it constitutes a major drain on the organization’s resource (Mohamed, 2008). However, if managed carefully, safety management can bring substantial benefit to the organization.Safety must not be approached as just another step in avoiding unwanted accidents/cost but as a tool for maximizing competitiveness and profitability (Mohamed, 2008).
Successful safety and health management requires the commitment of the management and true actions. If the corporate management is not committed to improve the level of safety, no one will take care of the task. Commitment to the goal should be sincere because if the management does not genuinely believe that improving safety is profitable, they cannot allocate all the resources needed (Robbins, 2004). This relies on the cooperation of both employers and employees to ensure a ‘self-generating effort’ between ‘those who create the risks and those who work with them’. It is therefore important for organisations to treat every employee’s complaint seriously and to ensure that they feel safe and healthy(Robbins, 2004). The principles of safety thinking should be included in the everyday work of every member of the organization from the top management to the workers. Safety must not be a separate function or system but an integral part of everyday work (Hill and Smith, 2005).
1.2 Statement of the Problem
The responsibility of every organization is to provide good working conditions and environment for employees devoid of risks, hazards, and diseases. Today, employee safety as a corporate social responsibility (CSR) has received little attention. With the increasing globalization and trade liberalization in most developing economies including Nigeria, there is a high rate of industrial accidents and large-scale absenteeism occasioned by ill-health which invariably affects performance. Some jobs are very hazardous and the common law requires every employer of labour to ensure that the work-force is safe and that employees doing hazardous work are protected adequately. Recently, employee safety issues in the country seem worrying, as employees complain about lack of effective formulation and implementation of safety policies, programmes, and practices that protect their well-being. Besides these national challenges, most industries also fail in this regard. Many companies are still unaware of the economic implications of occupational safety. They often do not recognize the costs of accidents and ill- health and even if they are conscious of the fact that a
poor working environment may result in costs for the company, they rarely measure them. Safety in the organization has to be everybody’s concern. On the contrary, this is not the case in most organizations. Most firms cannot boast of effective safety management system and structure. They fail to realize that as part of their human resource management practices, there is need for management to ensure that personnel in the organization work in safe and healthy environment that will promote their optimum performance. They simply focus on issues of quality assurance, productivity, cost benefit, and continual improvement to the neglect of the key “competitive advantage and the most important asset” of their organizations: the human resources. Regrettably, health and safety of workers are compromised as indicated by several occupational health hazards, risk, and diseases in the country.
Incidentally, most of the research works done on safety practices in manufacturing industries so far are based on researches conducted in South-East and Western countries.Employee safety in Nigerian manufacturing industries particularlyin South–South Nigeria remains largely unexamined due to lack of social and political will. This study becomes necessary, therefore, as any strategy adopted by an organization that does not address the issue of employee safety will be ineffective and inefficient.This study attempts to fill this paucity of information with respect to manufacturing industries in South–South Nigeria.
1.3 Objectives of the Study
The general objective of this study is to examine the effect of safety management on the performance of manufacturing firms in South-South Nigeria. The Specific objectives of the study sought to:
1 determine the effect of regularsafety auditon employees’ commitment to productivity of manufacturing firms in South-South Nigeria.
2 ascertain the extent to which risk management affects employee turnover in manufacturing firms in South-South Nigeria.
3 examine the effect of workplace designon corporate goal attainment of manufacturing firms in South-South Nigeria.
4 evaluatethe effect of safety education and training on the implementation of safety programmes in manufacturing firms in South-South Nigeria
5 assess the nature of relationship between workers’ perception of workplace safety and job satisfaction.
6 assess the nature of relationship between demographic characteristics and safety attitudes.
1.4 Research Questions
1. How does regular safety auditaffect employees’ commitment to productivity of manufacturing firms in South-South Nigeria?
2. To what extent doesrisk managementaffect employee turnover in manufacturing firms in South-South Nigeria?
3. How does workplace design affect corporate goal attainmentof manufacturing firms in
South-South Nigeria?
4. How doessafetyeducation and training affect the implementation of safety programmes inmanufacturing firms in South-South Nigeria?
5. What is the nature of relationship between workers’ perception of workplace safety and job satisfaction?
6. What is the nature of relationship between demographic characteristics and safety attitudes?
1.5 Research Hypotheses
Based on the highlighted research objectives and research questions, the following research hypotheses are formulated to effectively guide and direct this study.
1. Regularsafety auditpositively affects employees’ commitment to productivity of manufacturing firms in South-South Nigeria.
2. Risk management significantly affects employee turnover in manufacturing firms in
South-South Nigeria.
3. Workplace design positively affects corporate goal attainment of manufacturing firms in South-South Nigeria.
4. Safety education and training to a large extent have a positive effect on implementation of safety programmes in manufacturing firms in South-South Nigeria.
5. There is a positive relationship between workers’ perception of workplace safety and job satisfaction
6. Age, gender and levels of education have a positive relationship with safety attitudes
1.6 Significance of the Study
The significance of the study is of great importance to the following;
Researchers and students of human resources management who need theoretical framework and empirical data on the effect of safety management on performance of manufacturing firms will benefit from the study. However, the study will also assist manufacturing firms in Nigeria to develop work organizations and working cultures in a direction which supports health and safety at work and, in doing so, also promotes a positive social climate and smooth operation that will enhance the productivity of the enterprises. Besides, the work will serve as reference material for policy makers in making decisions concerning safety practices and policies.
1.7 Scope of the Study
The scope of the study covers only the registered manufacturing firms in the South-South, Nigeria.Thus, the focus of this study is on safety management as it affectsperformance of manufacturing firms. To facilitate a sound grasp of the subject matter within the thought framework of the objectives of the study and research questions, the subject scope coveredsafety audit, risk management,workplace design,safety education and training,andemployees’ perception of workplace safety.The study covered a time range of
2009 to 2013.
1.8 Limitations of the Study
Some of the respondents of the selected firms were unwilling to cooperate. Others were apprehensive of the researcher’ intention suspecting that he may disclose their organizations information to their competitors.
1.9 Operational DefinitionsofTerms
For the purpose of clarification and understanding of this study, some conceptsrequire operational definition as used in this research work.
Safety: Safety is the state in which the risk of harm to persons or property damage is reduced to, and maintained at, or below, an acceptable level through a continuing process of hazard identification and risk management.
Safety risk:Safety riskis the predicted probability and severity of the consequences or outcomes of a hazard.
Risk mitigation:Risk mitigationis the process of incorporating defences or preventive controls to lower the severity and/or likelihood of a hazard’s projected consequence.
Occupational Safety: Occupational safety is a process of ensuring that workers stay safe and healthy in the work environment in order to increase their capacity to perform.
Safety Management:Safety management is a frameworkthat allows an organization to consistently identify and control its safety risks, reduce the potential for accidents, help achievecompliance with safety legislation and continually improve itsperformance.
Safety standard: safety standard is an orderly arrangement of interdependent activities and related procedures that drives organisation health and safety performance.
Safety Performance: Safety performance is relates to the actual practices, roles and functions associated with remaining safe or measured outcome of safety efforts, which indicate frequency and severity ofincidents in time.
Safety performance indicator:Safety performance indicator is a data-based safety parameters used for monitoring and assessing safety performance.
Safety Program: Safety program is a systematic combination of activities and procedures designed to maintain a safe and healthy workplace.
Health and safety: Health and safety is the conditions or factors that affect the well being of workers and visitors at workplaces.
Occupational Accident: Occupational accident is an unexpected and unplanned occurrence, including acts of violence, arising out of work which causes personal injury, disease, or even death to workers.
Incident: Incident is n unplanned sequence of events with potentially important safety- related effects, which, in the end, are prevented from developing into actual adverse consequences.
Hazard: Hazard is something that is potentially very dangerous capable of causing injury, loss of life or damage to environment.
Ergonomics: Ergonomics is a multidisciplinary activity that deals with the interaction between man and his total working environment.
Occupational Disability: Occupational disabilityis a condition in which a worker is unable to perform his duty satisfactorily because of disease or accident.
Organizational performance: Organizational performance is the degree of how well or badly the organization achieved its set goal.
1.10 Profile of Selected Organizations
United Cement Company (Nig) Limited
United Cement Company (Nig) Limited was incorporated in April 1964 as Calabar Cement Company (Calcemco) and has 550 workers, both senior and junior staff. The share structure of the company was state government 53% shares and Federal government 45% but in 2002, April it was finally liquidated. The owners of the company that is Cross River State Government sold it through privatization to a company known as Holain and Flour Mills of Nigeria Limited. In September, 2002 the new company under the name United Cement Company (Nig) Limited was incorporated. Currently the employees of Unicem are four hundred and two workers. The company deals on Portland cement. The company is located at Mfamosing in Akpamkpa Local Government Area of Cross River State.
The Nigerian Bottling Company Ltd
The Nigerian Bottling Company Ltd is one of the biggest companies in the non-alcoholic beverage industry in the country and is the sole franchise bottler of The Coca-Cola Company in Nigeria. Nigeria Bottling Company is located in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. The Company is working in Pubs and Clubs, Breweries, Wine and Beer, Beer and Home brewing business activities. The Nigerian Bottling Company Plc (NBC), which is part of Coca-Cola HBC, was incorporated in November 1951 to bottle and sell carbonated non-alcoholic beverages. The company has the sole franchise to bottle Coca-Cola products in Nigeria. Production of Coca- Cola began in 1953 at a bottling facility in Lagos, and new plants at Kano, Port Harcourt and Ibadan were opened shortly afterwards. NBC became a public company in 1972 with its shares listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange. NBC generates its own power and is self- sufficient in carbon dioxide and water production. It has 16 bottling facilities around the country, and it uses 82 distribution warehouses and 200,000 distribution outlets. The company’s head office is on the Lagos mainland at Ebute-Metta.
Guinness Nigeria Plc
Guinness Nigeria plc was incorporated in April, 1950 as a trading company importing Guinness Stout from Dublin. Today the company has transformed itself into a manufacturing operation and currently operates four breweries in Nigeria. Benin City brewery was
incorporated in 1974. The company’s head office is in Ikeja, the heart of Lagos. The Company is engaged in brewing, packaging, marketing and selling of spirits, beer, ready to drink, and non-alcoholic drinks. The Company’s brands include Guinness Foreign Extra Stout, Guinness Extra Smooth, Malta Guinness, and Harp Lager beer. The other brands include Smirnoff Ice, Armstrong Dark Ale, Satzenbrau Pilsner, Top Malt, Dubic Extra Lager and Malta Guinness Low Sugarand Orijin. Guinness Nigeria Plc’s Water of Life initiative currently provides potable water to over 500,000 Nigerians spread across several rural communities, from Northern to Southern Nigeria. It funds scholarship and provides Guinness Eye Hospitals in three cities in Nigeria.
Stag Engineering Nigeria Limited
Stag Engineering Nigeria Limited (Stag) is a leading wholly Nigerian owned engineering firm in Nigeria. it was incorporated in 1975 The company has over 40 years’ experience in providing expert engineering services and mercantile power to discerning clients in Nigeria and West Africa. At present it delivers over 100MW of mercantile power to these clients. The company has recently expanded into the marine and railway. As a leading provider of power generators and mercantile power in Nigeria, STAG has formed relationships with several power generator manufacturers such as SDMO, John Deere, MTU, Stanadyne to name a few. STAG is also known as a leading provider of operation and maintenance services for diesel fired generators for clients such as Globacom, Sheraton, Etisalat, UCH, as well as several other leading local banks, telecommunication companies and hospitals. Since inception, STAG has launched bold initiatives in areas of power generation, transmission, distribution, and sales to cope with the emerging challenges in the Nigerian Power sector. STAG‘s has offices located in 11 states of the federation and several in neighbouring West African countries, Togo, Benin with expansion plans to Ghana and Cote D’voire.
Integrated Rubber Products Nigeria Plc
Integrated Rubber Products Nigeria Plc was incorporated 31st August 1984 and became public limited liability Company Plc with registration number RC 65033 DT 23rd July 1992. The principal activities of the company are the processing of rubber and distribution of its products. The company acquired “State of Art” High Tech Machinery to boost the quality of its product and diversify its operation. The diversification program seeks to explore the emerging opportunities in existing Industrial sectors with focus on “Customize, Rubberized
Industrial Components.” Their products are satisfactorily accepted by Industrial customers of various sectors like construction companies, Textile Industries, Packaging Industries, Galvanizing Industries, Tanneries, Cement Companies, Oil Companies, Breweries, and Footwear Industries. With huge infrastructure they succeeded to lead the market by producing specialized products from NR & Synthetic Rubbers like – Nitrile, EPDM, Neoprene, Silicon, Viton,Poly urethane, SBR, Butyl and Poly Butadiene.
Champion Breweries Plc
Champion Breweries Plc was incorporated as a Private Limited Liability Company on the
31st of July, 1974 with the same South East Breweries Limited. The Company name was changed from South East Breweries Limited to Cross River Breweries Limited and thereafter to Champion Breweries Limited. The latter name, Champion BreweriesLimited was changed to Champion Breweries Plc on the 1st of September, 1992. On the 24th of November 1974, the then South Eastern State of Nigeria signed an Agreement with Messrs. Haase Brauerie GMBH of Humbury Technical Partners for the supply and construction o f a turnkey Brewery in Uyo with a capacity of 150,000 hectoliters. The foundation stone of the Brewery was laid on the 9th of March, 1975. On the 11th of December 1976, the Brewery was officially commissioned and its products, Champion Lager Beer launched into the market with success with initial capacity of 150,000 hectoliters per annum.The reactivated Brewery was officially commissioned on the 23rd of October, 2001. Champion Breweries Plc brews and markets lager beer in Nigeria. It also provides contract brewing and packaging services. Champion Breweries Plc markets its products through distributors under the Champion Lager Beer brand. The company is involved in the production of Beer such as, Champion Lager Beer and Champ Malta.
Rivers Vegetable Oil Company
Rivers Vegetable Oil Company Ltd. was incorporated in 1987. It is the third largest Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) manufacturing company in Nigeria and also the largest producer of edible grade Palm Kernel Oil in country. Located in city of Port Harcourt in Rivers state the South- South of Nigeria with hundreds of direct and indirect employment beneficiaries currently sum up to hundred and seventy five. RIVOC has become a formidable corporate entity, with visible and significant contributions to the industrial and economic growth of the country.
Niger Mills Plc
Niger Mills Company Plc, Calabar was incorporated in 1967. The company became a private limited liability company with invitation of Cross River State Government to take up 50% of the shares in the company, which were transferred to Investment Trust Company Limited. The other 50% is owned by Flour Mill Nig. Limited. Lagos. The company entered into management agreement with Flour Mills of Nigeria Limited, Lagos for effective management operation in 1978. The agreement lasted for three years and was subject to renewal at the request of Niger Mills Limited. The agreement was renewed twice, first on January, 1981 and second 1985. The company is currently employing three hundred and fifty workers. It is operating the plant capacity of over 700 tons of wheat per in 3 days shift of 8 hours.
Dangote Flour Mills
Dangote Flour Mills Plc is listed on the Lagos Floor of the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE) with the symbol “DANGFLOUR”. Dangote Flour Mills Plc commenced operations in 1999, as a division of Dangote Industries Limited – one of Nigeria’s largest and fastest growing conglomerates. Following the strategic decision of DIL to unbundle its various operations, Dangote Flour Mills Plc was incorporated in 2006. The restructuring was completed in January, 2006, when all the assets, liabilities, and undertakings of the erstwhile flour division of DIL was transferred to Dangote Flour Mills Plc. From an initial installed capacity of 500
MT per day at its Apapa mill, Dangote Flour has expanded rapidly by opening, in quick successions, three other flourmills in Kano (2000).
System Metal
System Metal Industries Limited was incorporated in 1976 and is a leading manufacturer of pre-coated, steel and aluminium roofing sheets. System Metal Industries Limited is privately owned and has its factory located in Calabar, Cross River State. The company manufacture high quality pre-coated, purpose made (short and long-span), profiled steel and aluminium roofing sheets for roofing and cladding as well as high density aluminum cooking pots and pans. The pre-coated long span profile steel and aluminium roofing sheets are suitable for domestic, industrial, and commercial buildings and do not required maintenance for a long period of time.
Eastern Bulkcem
Eastern Bulkcem Co. Ltd (EEC), makers of Eagle brand of cement was incorporated in March 1981. Eagle cement is a pioneer cement bagging company in the Niger Delta Region. The company has its facility on a waterfront at Rumuolumeni, near Port Harcourt in Rivers State. It has three main contact offices spread out across the nation, in Lagos, Abuja and Port- Harcourt. Eagle cement predominantly stands out as the most valuable, durable, and irresistible and widely preferred cement east of the Niger. Its consistent high quality, strength, reliability, and acceptability guarantee of numerous customers and contractors of an outstanding standard OPC Ordinary Portland Cement. Port Harcourt Sacks Ltd. undertakes the manufacture of top quality, fine, and superior cement paper sacks, thus providing excellent packaging for Eagle cement and other cement companies. It has an installed capacity of 30 million sacks per annum. Milford Marine Nig. Ltd. ensures the provision of all marine services needed by Eastern Bulkcem Co. Ltd., manages feeder vessels, barges, push boats (tug boats) and oversees the discharge of incoming Ocean Bulk carriers. It provides all inland water logistics to EBC and its customers.
Eternit Limited
Eternit Limited is a member of a multi-national organization — Etex Group with its head office in Brussels and is one of Nigeria’s major producers of high quality fibre cement building materials. Established in 1974, the company has undergone significant developments which enable it to offer a wide range of high quality Roofing and Ceiling sheets and tiles together with a variety of complementary accessories. The factory is located in Sapele, Delta State Nigeria. They manufacture quality roofing and ceiling products which conform to International Standards. Their range of products covers essentially fibre-cement roofing and ceiling materials, Concrete roofing tiles and Light-gauge galvanized roof trusses.
Camel Paints and Chemical Industries Limited
Camel Paints and Chemical Industries Limited was incorporated in 1990 and commenced production and commercial operation in 1995. The company’s productsenjoy an effective distribution through a network of depots and numerous distributors as well as agents throughout Nigeria. With a good financial base, the company extended its portfolio to include plant for manufacturing containers in 2005 and since has been serving the needs of many
other companies in the business. Camel Paints and Chemical Industries Limited is one of the best in the industry as it is committed to maintaining close relationships with customers through its dedicated and extremely responsive staff.
This material content is developed to serve as a GUIDE for students to conduct academic research
EFFECT OF SAFETY MANAGEMENT ON PERFORMANCE OF SELECTED MANUFACTURING FIRMS IN SOUTH – SOUTH NIGERIA>
A1Project Hub Support Team Are Always (24/7) Online To Help You With Your Project
Chat Us on WhatsApp » 09063590000
DO YOU NEED CLARIFICATION? CALL OUR HELP DESK:
09063590000 (Country Code: +234)
YOU CAN REACH OUR SUPPORT TEAM VIA MAIL: [email protected]
09063590000 (Country Code: +234)