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ABSTRACT Although adjuvants are a common component of many vaccines, there are few adjuvants licensed for use in humans due to concerns about their toxic effects. The currently available HBV vaccines contain hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) as the immunodominant antigen and alum as an adjuvant. Alum, the most commonly used adjuvant in vaccines licensed for human use, predominantly activates Th2-type humoral immune responses, but is poorly effective in ...

ABSTRACT Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) caused by excessive growth of yeasts in the vaginal mucosa is estimated to be the second most common vaginal infection affecting women of reproductive age. The azole antifungal agents are the most frequent class of antifungals used to treat Candida infections, however; there is an extensive documentation of intrinsic and developed resistance to azole antifungals among several Candida species. Some transport proteins such as ATP- Binding ...

ABSTRACT This  study  ascertained  the  anti-inflammatory effect  and  the  mechanisms  of  action  of  the chloroform extract of Annona muricata leaves. The plant material was extracted using a mixture of chloroform and methanol in a ratio of 2:1. The chloroform extract was used to further investigate the in vivo effect on agar-induced rat paw oedema, and the in vitro activities of phospholipase A2  and prostaglandin synthase, membrane stabilization and platelet aggregatory ...

ABSTRACT Annona senegalensis is an evergreen shrub that is used for  several ethnomedicinal purposes in Nigeria, including the management of diabetes mellitus. The present study was carried out to investigate the antihyperglycaemic activity of the leaf extract of A. senegalensis in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The toxicological potential of the ethanolic leaf extract was investigated by determining the acute toxicity and the effect of the plant extract on body weights. A ...

ABSTRACT Manganese peroxidase (MnP) enzyme is the most common lignin-modifying peroxidase produced by almost all wood-colonizing basidiomycetes causing white-rot and various soil-colonizing litter- decomposing fungi. Multiple forms of this glycosylated haeme protein with molecular weight normally at 40 to 50 kDa are secreted by ligninolytic fungi into their micro-environment. In the present study, a ligninolytic fungus was able to produce manganese peroxidase. The organism was identified as Pleurotus tuber-regium. Parameter ...

ABSTRACT The industrial utilization of native starch is limited by its imperfect nature, hence the need for modifications.  The continued  use of conventional  crops such as cassava,  maize,  rice and potato as sources of starch for industrial uses adds to the demand pressure on these crops. On the other hand, the isolation of starch from underutilized legumes will not only reduce this pressure, but will also add value to boost ...

ABSTRACT Medicinal plants are various plant used in herbals and thought by some to possess medicinal properties due to their bioactive ingredients. This study was aimed at identifying the phytochemical compounds present in the methanol fractions of Alstonia boonei and Glyphaea brevis leaves using GC-MS technique. The phytochemical analysis of the Alstonia boonei fraction revealed the presence of tannins (3.02±0.28 mg/g), saponins (2.26±0.21 mg/g), alkaloids (3.68±0.23 mg/g), flavonoids (4.22±0.18 mg/g), ...

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION The HIV/AIDS (human immunodeficiency virus/ acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) pandemic has been terrorizing humanity over the past three decades. It has undermined the health of so many people, consequently affecting adversely, the work force and the economic stability of so many countries all over the world. World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations Programme on AIDS (UNAIDS) (2009), estimated that about 33.4 million people world wide were living ...

ABSTRACT The influence  of age and gender  on the levels of glycosylated  haemoglobin  among  non- diabetic  Nigerians  were  investigated  in this  study.  Seventy  nine  non-diabetic  individuals volunteered for the study and were grouped into male and female and then into four groups according to age: ≤ 20 years, 21 - 40 years, 41 - 60 years and ≥ 61  years. Fasting blood glucose, 2-hour post-load  glucose, packed  cell volume and ...

ABSTRACT 2   Antibiotic resistance has emerged as a major threat to global health. Extended spectrum β- lactamases (ESBLs) are enzymes that confer resistance to β-lactam antibiotics and acquisition of ESBL genes and integrons by Escherichia coli is increasingly recognized, being associated with resistance to multiple antibiotics. This study investigated the prevalence of multidrug resistance (MDR), ESBLs genes and integrons in E. coli isolated from non-diarrhoeal human stools. Stool samples ...

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION The super-family of peroxidases from plants, fungi and bacteria are haem proteins that catalyse the oxidation of various electron donor substrates (phenols,  aromatic amines)  at  the expense of hydrogen peroxide (Welinder, 1992). Peroxidases contain iron (III)  protoporphyrin IX (ferriprotoprophyrinIX), as the prosthetic group. They have a molecular weight ranging from 30 to 150kD and may be divided into mammalian, microbial and plant peroxidases (Welinder, 1992). The haem ...

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial effect of Cissusaralioides extracts and their anti-inflammatory activity using experimental rat models. Phytochemical analyses of  Cissusaralioides   showed   the  presence   of  flavonoids,   saponins,   tannins,   alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids and glycosides. Antimicrobial activity of C. aralioides was investigated against  some gram negative  bacteria  such as  Escherichia  coli, Pseudomonas  aeruginosa, Klebsiellaaerogenes   and  gram  positive   bacteria   such  as  Staphyllococcus   aureus  and Streptococcus  pneumonia  using ...

ABSTRACT This study was aimed at investigating the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of ethanol extract  of  Hymenodictyon  pachyantha  stem-bark as  well  as  the possible mechanisms  of anti- inflammatory action of the plant extract. The plant material was extracted using 3.5 litres of absolute ethanol. The anti-inflammatory activity of the ethanol extract was evaluated by determining  its  effect  on  egg  albumin-induced  rat  paw  oedema,  phospholipase  A2  activity, calcium chloride-induced platelet aggregatory ...

ABSTRACT This study was therefore designed to determine and compare the nutritional contents of some commonly  consumed  brands  of popcorn  snacks  in unprocessed  (uncooked)  form  of  the cereal.  Processed  popcorn  samples  were  procured  from  vendors  at  a  movie  theatre,  an amusement park and markets in Enugu and Nsukka. The samples were grouped as follows: Sample A was sweetened popcorn obtained from an amusement park in Enugu. Sample B was salted ...

ABSTRACT This study assessed the levels of cluster determinant 4 (CD4+) cell, total protein, triacylglycerol (TAG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and  thyroxine (T4), of one hundred (100) subjects of which twenty-four (24) were healthy subjects which represented normal control (Group1), twenty-eight (28) were HIV-positive subjects who were on treatment with administration of antiretroviral therapy (ART) as Group ...

ABSTRACT Research on  inflammation  has  become  the  focus  of global  scientific  study  because  of  its implication in virtually all human and animal diseases. Also, liver diseases have been on increase and of global concern.Cucumis sativus is believed to have anti-oxidant activity, high flavonoid content, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect, which may be likely of use in the management of these diseases. The anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects of the homogenate of Cucumis  ...

ABSTRACT Protease represents one of the largest groups of industrial enzymes, and are widely used in the detergent, leather, food, pharmaceutical industrial as well as in bioremediation processes. However, increasing demand has intensified the search for protease with unique kinetic and thermodynamic properties which exhibit stability towards pH, temperature, substrate concentration and metal ions for biotechnological applications. Protease was isolated from Trichoderma asperellum (identified based on morphology and molecular characteristics) ...

ABSTRACT The nutrient composition  of yeast biofortified  akamu, a cereal-based  fermented  food  was determined using two different concentrations of inocula preparations at 5% and 10% glucose concentrations.  While  keeping  the  peptone  and  yeast  extract  constant  at  2%  and  1% respectively. These media were used to inoculate the akamu at different volumes of 2.5 ml, 5 ml and 7.5 ml and later incubated at room temperature (25oC) for 72 hours after ...

Abstract One of the problems  associated  with medicinal  plants in Nigeria is paucity of information  on  the phytochemistry  and  toxicity  of  some  of  these  plants.  The  study  aimed  at  revealing  a  range  of phytochemicals  in the plant, which are physiologically  potent in ameliorating  several diseases. The potent secondary metabolites in the leaves of this plant Securidaca longepedunculata , were extracted and their antioxidant  and toxicological  potentials were evaluated using in ...

ABSTRACT This work was undertaken to characterize the extractable hypoglycaemic principles from Securidaca longepedunculata leaves that have improved pharmacological agent(s) that could be used in managing diabetes mellitus with relatively lesser side effects. Six groups of five Wistar rats each were used. Group one received 3 ml/kg bw of normal saline, group two received no treatment after induction, group three received 5 mg/kg bw glibenclamide; groups four, five and six ...