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ABSTRACT Hepatitis B caused by the Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the most common infectious diseases in the world and a major health problem. Its preventive measure is seen in hepatitis B vaccine. The inability of alum adjuvanted hepatitis B vaccine to trigger Th1 response and the need for reduced booster doses necessitate the quest for novel adjuvant. The present study is  aimed  at  evaluating  the  immunogenicity  of  ...

ABSTRACT This study was aimed at evaluating oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in HIV patients on a combination of emtricitabine, tenofovir and efavirenz (ATRIPLA), commonly used for treating these patients attending the HIV clinic of Enugu State University Teaching (ESUT) Hospital, Parklane, Enugu, Nigeria following short and long-term therapy. Ninety six (96) subjects (divided into four groups) aged between 18 and 60 years were recruited for the study from the ...

ABSTRACT The effect of  alkaline steep and air-rest cycle on the development of  peroxidase activity during malting  was  investigated  in  sorghum  variety,  KSV8.  Preliminary  experiment  showed  that alkaline steep (test) and the distilled water steep (control) had germinative energy of 92± 2.87 % and 89± 0.57 % respectively. In regime II (sorghum grains steeped in distilled water for 24h), both the test experiment and the control had germinative energy of ...

ABSTRACT This study was conducted  to measure the glycemic  index and blood glucose response  of staple foods consumed in Nigeria in healthy Wistar rats. The test food samples Maize (Zea mays),  Wheat  (Triticum  spp),  Acha  (Digitaria  exilis)  and  Oat  (Elkris  super  oat)  were formulated with palm kernel cake, rice husk/bran, soya beans, crayfish, bone meal, premix and  salt  into  diets in the  laboratory of the Department  of  Home  Science,  Nutrition ...

ABSTRACT Naringin was extracted from lemon peels with extraction yield of 0.25%. Two assay methods were used to assay for naringinase activity, one is naringin disappearance assay method and the other is reducing sugars appearance assay method. The naringinase activities for the crude enzyme were found to be 157.7 µmol/min using naringin disappearance method and 493.64 µmol/min using reducing sugars appearance method. Ammonium sulphate saturation (50%) was found suitable for ...

ABSTRACT The use of medicinal plants for the treatment of many diseases is associated with folk medicine from different parts of the World. However, information on the toxicology of these plants part used in Nigeria folk medicine is rare. Thus, this work is aimed at revealing a range of phytochemicals in the Phyllanthus amarus plant, the antioxidant constituents and its toxicologic effects on some important biochemical parameters in male albino ...

ABSTRACT Natural products are sources of bioactive compounds and have potential for developing some novel therapeutic agent, due to their enormous chemical diversity. These diverse natural products form the basis of many traditional medicine systems throughout the world, due to their accessibility,   efficacy   and   minimal   side   effects.   The   present   study   evaluated   the antiinflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic properties of Vitex simplicifolia leaf. The extraction of 464.67 g of Vitex simplicifolia leaves ...

ABSTRACT Glucoamylases  were  produced  from both  plants  and microorganisms  and were  optimized  for starch hydrolysis in batch bioreactor. Amylase activity was monitored  in germinating guinea com seeds for seven days.  Highest  amylase  activity  was observed  on days  3  and 7.  A study of the amylopectin content of millet, guinea com, cassava, com and tigernut starch showed that tiger nut had the  highest  amylopectin  content  while  cassava  starch had the  lowest. ...

ABSTRACT The leaves of Ocimum gratissimum were investigated as a possible drug for the management of forced labour, hepatopathy and gastro intestinal upset. Phytochemical analysis of the aqueous- methanol extract of the plant revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, tannins, glycosides, terpenoids, reducing sugar in varying quantities. Anti-inflammatory activity of the extract at doses of 100, 150 and 200 mg/kg body weight showed a significant decrease in egg ...

ABSTRACT After  a seven  day pilot  studies,  day 6  was  found  suitable  for  enzyme  production  from Fusarium  species using starch from Ipomoea  batatas (sweet potato)  tubers as  the carbon source. The specific activity of the crude enzyme was 55.45µ/mg. After ammonium sulphate precipitation  and  gel  filtration,  the  specific  activities  were  found  to  be  35.93µ/mg  and 119.61µ/mg, respectively which corresponds to 3.33 fold purification. The optimum pH and temperature of the ...

ABSTRACT The leaves of Jatropha tanjorensis are edible and used in herbal medicine in the treatment of diseases associated with oxidative stress.  The  pharmacological value  of the  plant  is  partly associated with its phytochemical components which produce physiological actions in the human body. In the present study, the qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analyses of the crude extract of J. tanjorensis leaves showed the presence of alkaloids (7.00%), flavonoids (20.00%) saponins ...

ABSTRACT In the  last  decade  intensive  research into  the  mechanisms of  inflammation has  implicated production of prostaglandins and reactive oxygen species as central to the progression of many inflammatory   diseases.   This   study   aimed   at   investigating/elucidating   the   biochemical mechanisms of antiinflammatory action and antioxidant activities of the bioactive phytoconstituents of stem bark extract of C. adansonii. The mineral contents, phytochemical analysis and oral acute toxicity (LD50) of the extract were determined. ...

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Legumes  are  the  edible  fruits  or  seeds  of  pod-bearing  plants  belonging  to  the  family Leguminosae and are widely grown throughout the world (Singh et al., 2004). Legume seeds are of prime importance in human and animal nutrition due to their high protein content (20 - 50%) (Singh et al., 2004) and have historically been utilized mainly as the whole seeds (Saio and Monma, 1993). Recently, the nutritional ...

ABSTRACT Environmental pollution and poisoning owing to the widespread use of pesticides in agricultural and domestic pest control may be detrimental to the health of handlers, non target organisms and consumers. In this study, genetic defect was used as a molecular biomarker in evaluating the environmental  impacts  of  dichlorvos,  a  widely  used  pesticide  in  Nigeria,  on  poultry  birds (Gallus domestica). Seven week old pullets with an average weight of 557.5 ...

ABSTRACT The present study was designed to estimate the total phenolic and flavonoid contents and to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant activities of both the methanol extract and the various solvent fractions of the whole plant, Desmodiumramosissimum. Qualitative phytochemical screening showed the presence of various bioactive components such as phenolics, flavonoids and tannins. The quantitative analyses of total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were carried out spectrophotometrically ...

ABSTRACT Conventional  chemotherapy  has  always  taken  a  prominent  place  in  dealing  with diseased  states;  but owing to their various side-effects,  natural products  that play similar therapeutic roles have become the thrust of much research work. Hence, this study sought to investigate the possible reasons for the use of honey in combating the human  male  reproductive  challenges.  It  also  investigated  the  probable  cause  of colicky pains following ingestion of honey.  Phytochemistry ...

ABSTRACT Genetic variation constitutes the core component in the breeding progress of plants. In order to explore the structure of the genetic diversity and similarity in pepper (Capsicum annuum), morphological and molecular characterization were of great necessity. This study assessed the morphologic traits of different varieties of pepper and determined their DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) sequences. Nineteen accessions of pepper were collected from various locations in Enugu State and planted in ...

ABSTRACT The present study evaluated the phytochemical constituents and in vitro antioxidant potential of different types of tea namely; black tea, un-caffeinated tea, green tea and herbal tea. Radical scavenging capacities of the tea extracts were determined using 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Total antioxidant activity was determined using ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. The results showed that the total flavonoid content (TFC) of green tea (215.61±48.83 QE/mg) wassignificantly (p<0.05) higher ...

ABSTRACT This work was aimed at finding the effects of alcohol on some biochemical parameters. A total of one hundred and eighty (180) apparently healthy, non-hypertensive  male  alcoholics were used for the study. Forty (40) non-consumers of alcohol were used as control. The activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in the control was 10.50±2.00 IU/L while it was 16.50±1.50 IU/L;  17.50±2.00  IU/L  and  18.31±2.00  IU/L  in  alcoholics  who  showed  preference  for ...

ABSTRACT Investigations were carried out on the oils and fishmeal of fishes collected from the Onitsha  regions  of  the  lower  Niger  river  for  possible  nutritional  and  industrial applications. A total of 27 species belonging to 25 different genera  were collected. From the results obtained, the highest moisture content was  recorded for Electricus membranicus with a value of 88.03% while the least value of 59.93% was recorded for Hypeopisus bebe. Extraction ...