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CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The monetary approach to balance of payments explains the elimination of payments disequilibrium in terms of factors bringing the demand and supply of money into equality.  It treats the supply of money as endogenous by assuming a feedback from the balance of payments through changes in international reserve to changes in the monetary liabilities of the central bank and government. One important ...

ABSTRACT   The fall in international price of crude petroleum in early 1980’s caused government revenue to fall. As a result, government of Nigeria was forced into borrowing (both internal and external) to maintain her expenditure pattern. The objective of this study is to focus on investigating the impact of internal debt on Economic growth and development in Nigerian. Economic arguments alone are not sufficient to explain this behavior, therefore ...

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Development banking is a specialized financial institution, which provides medium and long –term credit for the creation or expansion of commercial, Agricultural and industrial enterprises of the economy. In Nigeria economy development bank is one among the other sector of development bank in Nigeria economy. 2  To ascertain, if any, the constants hindering development banking from performing its set roles. 3  To assess ...

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Information and communication technology (ICT) offers the promise of fundamentally changing the lives of much of the world’s population. In its various forms, ICT affects many of the processes of government and business, how individuals live, work and interact, and the quality of the natural and built environment. The development of internationally comparable ICT statistics is essential for governments to be able ...

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Over the years, Multinational corporations (MNCs) have been a source of controversy ever since the East India Company developed the British taste for tea and a Chinese taste for opium (Stopford, 1998). A typical multinational corporation (MNC) normally functions with a headquarters that is based in one country, while other facilities are based in locations in other countries. In some circles, a ...

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1   BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Oil is a major source of energy in Nigeria and the world in general. Oil being the mainstay of the Nigerian economy plays a vital role in shaping the economic and political destiny of the country. Although Nigeria’s oil industry was founded at the beginning of the century, it was not until the end of the Nigeria civil war (1967 - 1970) ...

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION The Nigerian petroleum industry has been confronted by two sapping challenges over the years. The challenges relates to the prevalence of militancy and oil pipeline vandalism in the Niger Delta. While the former has significantly attenuated in the aftermath of the Amnesty deal in 2009 (Okoli, 2013), the latter appears to have escalated both in incidence and impact. According to Ogbeni: A total of 16,083 pipeline breaks ...

CHAPTER ONE   1.0 INTRODUCTION   Domestic debt reduction in Nigeria has taken centre stage for conversing realistic pricing of petroleum products in Nigeria as the domestic debt profile has been rising astronomically and if not controlled could create some unfavorable consequences as crowding out private sector investment, poor GDP growth etc,(Okonjo-Iweala,2011). On the other hand, government has to continue to finance projects to grow the economy and one viable ...

ABSTRACT       Taxation and its product, Tax have been very important vehicles for economic policies of many countries of the world. For a very long time, tax has been a major source of revenue for various levels of governments. For instance, in Nigeria, the laws of the land stipulate the categories of taxes that are collectable by each of the three tiers of government. This is with a view ...

ABSTRACT The study Retirement policy and the problem of implementation in Nigerian public sector was aimed at determining the effects of old pension schemes (pay-as-you-go-defined benefits) and they are corruption and inflation, weak institutional capacity and non-compliance of stakeholders which lead to non-implementation of the previous pension scheme, thereby growing rise to the contributory pension scheme (PRA 2004), as a way of strengthening the powers of the operators of the ...

CHAPTER ONE 1.0   Introduction The word “Scarcity” means when there is insufficiency of something. Since there is insufficiency of fuel it is termed as fuel scarcity. In the past Nigerians solely depended on the exportation of agricultural product for their source of income. This continued until the discovery of the presences of the presence of oil in our country, especially in part Harcourt. This made them (Nigerians) to divert form ...

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Oil exploration in Nigeria could be traced back to 1908 when a German company .others are TEXACO,PAN OCEAN, PHILP OIL ESSO AAND ASHLAND. Major activities of these oil companies are centered in Delta , Rivers , Cross Rivers , and Imo state .  These include the off shore and on shore  locations. Some of the on shore fields which produce most Nigeria crude oil are located at ...

INTRODUCTION The use of economic policy as tool for economic stabilization by governments of different economies of the world cannot be overemphasized. Some of these policy measures may have economic-wide effect (e.g. the budget and inflation) while others may have specific effects such as the consumption tax on consumer good (Killick, 1981 and Black, Calitz, Steenekamp, Ajam, 2000). Policymakers around the world employ various policies, singly or mix, to stabilize ...

INTRODUCTION Today’s business environment is very dynamic and undergoes rapid changes as  result of technologies information, increased awareness and demands from customers business organization, especially the banking industry of the 21st century operates in a complete and competitive environment characterized by these changing conditions and highly unpredictable economic climate. Information and communication technology ICT is at the centre of the global change curve. Loudon and Loudon (1991) centered that managers ...

ABSTRACT Since both government and private body have failed to provide a lasting solution to unemployment menace, co-operative becomes another alternative solution of necessity in order to make a concise generalization of cooperative solution in Nkanu was used to conduct.  The research covering 2010 – 2011 various kind of co-operative activities were accessed to known their feasibility in elevating employment level.  Literature reviews were carried out based on what the ...

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1  BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The resultant impact of financial liberalization opened up the Nigerian economy to global financial markets, which has generated increasing apprehension in the economy and has exposed the fragility and vulnerability of her financial system. It is therefore imperative for the Central Bank of Nigeria to introduce measures that will reduce the exposure and enhance the stability of small business operators in Lagos ...

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1    BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The financial system of any financial company provide the catalyst through financial intermediation for productive activities to ensure economic growth and development Olowo (2008). The Nigerian financial sector is undoubtedly the most important in the political economic system because it provides the necessary lubricant that keeps the wheel of the economy turning and it is an engine for economic growth. The sector ...

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Unemployment is generally agreed to be symptom of macro-economic illness which could in Volu“bentary” volunta. When is said voluntary it means a condition where somebody chooses not to work because they have a means of support other than employment example is the idle rich man. On the other hand, involuntary unemployment exists when persons are willing to work at the prevailing rate of ...

CHAPTER ONE 1.0     INTRODUCTION Monetary Policy refers to the mechanism for regulating the value, supper and cost of money at optimum levels that will ensure the attainment of desired national economic objective which include price stability, sustainable output and employment growth and external viability it encompasses actions designed to manage the growth of money supply during a period of his optional target. The monetary policy strategy for the ...

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1       BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Nigeria is a major of crude oil and importance or of this commodity has been highly manifested in the nation’s economy. Starting from the early 70’s, the petroleum industry has become the dominant industry in the economy following quickly after the agriculture the dominant industry before the discovery of crude oil. It has dictated the pace of economic, political, social and cultural progress ...